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INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1.    PRINCES of the OBOTRITES 8th-10th centuries

Chapter 2.    DUKES of the SORBS

Chapter 3.    KINGS of the WILTZI

Chapter 4.    PRINCES of the WENDS, PRINCES in WAGRIA

Chapter 5.    PRINCES of the OBOTRITES, HERREN von MECKLENBURG

NIKLOT -1160, PRIBISLAW 1160-1178, HEINRICH BORWIN I 1178-1227
HEINRICH BORWIN II 1219-1226, JOHANN I 1226-1264, HEINRICH I 1264-1302

HEINRICH II 1287-1329

Chapter 6.    GRAFEN von SCHWERIN

Chapter 7.    HERREN zu WERLE 1230-1425, FÜRSTEN zu WENDEN 1418-1425

Chapter 8.    HERZOGEN von MECKLENBURG

ALBRECHT II 1348-1379, HEINRICH III 1379-1383, ALBRECHT IV 1383-1387
MAGNUS I 1379-1385, JOHANN IV 1385-1422

HEINRICH IV 1423-1477, ALBRECHT VI 1464-1483, BALTHASAR 1480-1507

Chapter 9.    HERZOGEN von MECKLENBURG-STARGARD

JOHANN I 1377-1392, JOHANN II 1392-1416, JOHANN III 1416-1438
ULRICH I 1392-1417, HEINRICH 1417-1466, ULRICH II 1466-1471

 

 

INTRODUCTION

The Slav rulers of the southern Baltic shore, east of the Jutland peninsula and west of the territory later known as Pomerania, are set out in this document.  Information concerning the early Slav leaders is mainly found in Helmold's Chronica Slavorum and in various Frankish annals, although all these sources give a far from complete picture of their activities and their family relationships.  The most complete list of Slav tribes in the area is found in Helmold who names "Heruli vel Heveldi qui sunt iuxta Habolam fluvium, et Dozani, Leubuzi et Willisi, Stoderasi" as the Slavs who lived "inter Oderam et Albium" (the Oder and Elbe rivers), adding that "post Odere…in Winulorum provincia" lived "Kycini et Circipani…Tholenzi et Redari" who were called "Wilzi sive Lutici", that beyond these were "Linguones et Warnavi" and "Obotriti", and that "Wagirensem provinciam" lay across "fluvius Traveus" in which "Vemere…Wagiris…Rani qui et Ruisni" lived[1].  The context suggests that this was an exclusive list of all tribes in the Baltic coastal region before Charles I King of the Franks (later Emperor Charlemagne) conquered Saxony, although subsequent passages in Helmold fail to record the later history of all these named tribes some of which are never mentioned again.  Einhard's Annales record a council at Frankfurt in 822 attended by legates from "orientalium Sclavorum, id est Abodritorum, Soraborum, Wiltzorum, Beheimorum, Marvanorum, Prædenecentorum et in Pannonia residentium Avarum"[2], of which only the "Abodritorum…Wiltzorum" lived in the coastal Baltic area, the former presumably being identified with the "Obotriti" and the latter with the "Wilzi sive Lutici", although it is not clear which of the long list of tribes in Helmold's earlier listing would have been considered subsumed into these two groups. 

In a later passage, Helmold describes Frankish pressure on the western Slavic territories during the course of the Carolingian conquest of Saxony.  He names "Winuli sive Winithi" as the Slav peoples who lived in "Hammemburgensem parrochiam", describing how the boundaries of the latter were pushed eastwards across the Elbe into "Nordalbingia" where the "Thethmarcos, Holsatos, Sturmarios" peoples lived, and further eastwards as far as "flumen Penim" in the lands of the "Wagiri, Obotriti, Kycini, Circipani"[3].  After the conquest of Saxony was completed by the Franks in the late 9th century, according to Reuter the area east of the river Elbe was forcibly evacuated and abandoned to the Obotrites[4], although this appears to represent a simplification of events when compared with the complex descriptions in Helmold.  At the same time as the Franks were expanding their control of Saxony to the east, the incursions of the Danes from the north resulted in further pressure on Slav territories along the southern shore of the Baltic.  Helmold states that in the mid-10th century these two incursionary waves spread as far as the town of "Aldenburg…que Sclavica lingua Starigard…in terra Wagirorum" in which a church dedicated to St John the Baptist was founded, in his description speaking only of the "Obotritorum sive Kicinorum" as the dominant Slav tribe in the area[5].  Relations between the Saxons and the Slav tribes remained tense throughout the 10th to 12th centuries, not only because of the competition between them for territory but also because all efforts to convert the pagan Slavs to Christianity failed before the mid-12th century.  

The various Frankish annals suggest that the Obotrites were the dominant Slav tribe during the 9th and 10th centuries (see Chapter 1).  However, no record has yet been found of the name of any Obotrite leader between the late 10th and mid-12th centuries suggesting that they were eclipsed by other forces.  Primary sources show the Wends to have become the dominant Slav force in the Baltic coastal area in the 11th century, and that most other tribes paid tribute to Heinrich Wendish Prince of Wagria in the early 12th century (see Chapter 4).  Helmold records that "Wagiri, Polabi, Obotriti, Kicini, Cyrcipani, Lutici, Pomerani" were the Slav tribes "inter Albiam et mare Balticum" whom Prince Heinrich led[6].  However, Heinrich's successors were eliminated by Knud "Lavard" of Denmark, who was installed by Emperor Lothar as ruler in Wagria in [1128/29].  After Knud was murdered in 1131, two new local Slav leaders emerged in the area.  Pribislaw, a relative of Heinrich of Wagria, took control of Wagria, while Niklot obtained control of the Obotrite territories.  Pribislaw died without heirs, but he had nominated Albrecht "der Bär" as his successor and his lands comprised the nucleus around which the powerful state of Brandenburg later developed.  The descendants of the Obotrite leader Niklot consolidated their position in Mecklenburg, where they ruled as dukes until the end of the First World War (see Chapter 5).  Helmold records that "Niclotus" held "castra…Ylowe, Mikilinburg, Zverin et Dobin…Wurle" which were overrun by Heinrich Duke of Saxony[7].  Duke Heinrich later transferred the county of Schwerin to Günzel von Hagen as a hereditary fief (see Chapter 6). 

 

 

Chapter 1.    PRINCES of the OBOTRITES 8th-10th centuries

The family relationships, if any, between the early Princes of the Abotrites are not known, except as indicated below.  It is possible that the leaders were chosen from rival clans. 

1.      WITZAN (-795).  The Annales Laurissenses Continuatio names "Witzan" as "Abotriti…princeps" in 789[8].  The Gesta Francorum records that "Witzan dux Abodritorum" was killed in 795 by the Saxons[9].  The Annales Laurissenses Continuatio records that "Witzin Abodritorum rex" was killed by the Saxons in 795[10]

 

1.      THRASCO (-killed in battle Reria 809).  The Annales Laurissenses Continuatio records that the "Nordliudi", together with the missi of Charles I King of the Franks, defeated "Thrasuconem ducem Abotritorum et Eburisum" in 798[11].  Einhard records a dispute between "Drasconem ducem Abodritorum" and "Godelaibum alium ducem…et cum eis filium fratris sui…Reginoldum", the latter being killed in 808[12].  Einhard records that "Thrasco dux Abodritorum" was killed by "hominibus Godofridi" in "emporie Rerie" in 809[13].  The Annales Fuldenses record that "Thrasco dux Abotritorum" was killed in 809 "in emporio Reric ab hominibus Godafridi" after laying waste to land with the help of "Saxonum Wilzos et Smeldingos"[14]m ---.  The name of Thrasco's wife is not known.  Thrasco & his wife had one child: 

a)      CEADROGO (-in Saxony 821).  Einhard's Annales record that "Sclaomir Abodritorum rex" was sent into exile in 819 and the kingdom given to "Ceadrogo Thrasconis filius"[15].  The Annales Fuldenses record that "Ceadrogo filio Thrasconis" made peace with the Danes in 817 with "Sclaomir dux Abodritorum", his succession in 819 after Sclaomir was sent into exile, and his own deposition after he allied himself with the Danes in 821, after which Sclaomir was recalled to rule[16].  Einhard's Annales name "Ceadrigo filio Thrasconis" in 817[17].  Einhard's Annales record the death in 821 of "Ceadragus Abodritorum princeps" when he was in Saxony[18]

 

1.      SCLAOMIR (-after 819).  Einhard's Annales record that "Sclaomir Abodritorum rex" was sent into exile in 819 and the kingdom given to "Ceadrogo Thrasconis filius"[19].  The Annales Fuldenses record that "Sclaomir dux Abodritorum" seized power after the death of "Thrasconis" in 817, made peace with the Danes in 817 being "iratus cum populo suo sibi", was sent into exile in 819, but that he resumed power in 819 after Ceadrogo was removed because of his alliance with the Danes[20]

 

1.      GOTZOMIUSLI (-killed in battle 844).  The Annales Fuldenses record that "rege eorum [=Abodritos] Gotzomiuzli" was killed when "Hludowicus" made war on the Abotrites and ordered the subjugation of their territory "per duces" in 844[21]

 

1.      TABOMIUZ .  The Gesta Francorum names "ducem eorum [=Abodritos] Tabomiuzlem" when recording his rebellion in 862 when he and his sons were besieged[22].  The Annales Fuldenses record the same event[23]

 

1.      BILLUG (-after 963).  Helmold names "Billug" as "regulus Obotritorum" in the mid-10th century[24]m ---, sister of WAGO Bishop of Stargard, daughter of ---.  Helmold names "Billug" as "regulus Obotritorum" in the mid-10th century, recording that he married the sister of Wago Bishop of Stargard but later repudiated her which triggered war[25].  Billug & his wife had two children: 

a)      MISSIZLA .  Helmold names "Missizla" as son of "regulus Obotritorum Billug" when recording that he and his father captured episcopal properties during the war with the bishop of Stargard[26].  Helmold names "Missiszla, Naccon et Sederich" as "principes Sclavorum qui Winuli sive Winithi dicuntur" during the reign of Bolesław I of Poland (who succeeded as Prince in 992), specifying that "Missizlaus, Obotritorum princeps" was brother of "Hodicam"[27]

b)      HODICA .  Helmold names "Hodicam" as the daughter of "regulus Obotritorum…Billug" and his wife, recording that her maternal uncle installed her as abbess of Mecklenburg[28].  Helmold records that "Missizlaus, Obotritorum princeps…sororem suam…Hodicam" was removed from her monastery to marry Bolesław of Poland, while many other nuns were sent "in terram Wilzorum sive Ranorum" and the monastery dissolved[29].  This is the only source so far identified which refers to this marriage of Prince Bolesław.  m ([987/92]) as his third wife, BOŁESLAW I "Chrobry" Prince of Poland, son of MIESZKO I Prince of Poland & his second wife Dobrava [Dobroslawa] of Bohemia ([967]-17 Jun 1025).  He declared himself King of Poland in 1024.] 

 

 

Chapter 2.    DUKES of the SORBS

1.      MILIDUOCH (-killed in battle 806).  Einhard records that "Karolum filium suum [Karoli imperatoris]" invaded "terram Sclavorum…Sorabi" in 806 as far as "super Albium fluvium" and that "Miliduoch Sclavorum dux" was killed during the campaign[30].  The Annales Fuldenses record that "Karolus iunior" was sent by his father as missus "in Sorabos super Albim fluvium" in 806 and killed "ducem eorum Miliduoch"[31].  

 

2.      ZISTIBORO (-after 858).  The Annales Fuldenses name "Sorabi duce eius Zistiboro" in 858[32]

 

 

Chapter 3.    KINGS of the WILTZI

The Annales Fuldenses record that "Thrasco dux Abotritorum" was killed in 809 "in emporio Reric ab hominibus Godafridi" after laying waste to land with the help of "Saxonum Wilzos et Smeldingos"[33].  The Annales Fuldenses record that "castellum…Hohbuochi Albiæ fluminum adpositum", where "Odo legatus imperator et orientalium Saxonum erat præsidium", was captured in 810 by "Wilzis"[34]

1.      LIUBUS (-before May 823).  Einhard's Annales record a council at Frankfurt in May 823 which discussed the succession dispute between "duo fratres, reges…Wiltzorum…Milegastus [qui maior natu erat] et Cealadragus…filii Liubi regis Wiltzorum"[35]m ---.  The name of Liubus's wife is not known.  Liubus & his wife had two children: 

a)      MILEGASTUS .  Einhard's Annales record a council at Frankfurt in May 823 which discussed the succession dispute between "duo fratres, reges…Wiltzorum…Milegastus [qui maior natu erat] et Cealadragus…filii Liubi regis Wiltzorum"[36]

b)      CEALADRAGUS .  Einhard's Annales record a council at Frankfurt in May 823 which discussed the succession dispute between "duo fratres, reges…Wiltzorum…Milegastus [qui maior natu erat] et Cealadragus…filii Liubi regis Wiltzorum"[37]

 

 

Chapter 4.    PRINCES of the WENDS, PRINCES in WAGRIA

1.      BURISLAW, son of --- .  972.  Prince of the Wends.  m firstly ---.  No direct indication of Burislaw's first marriage has yet been found.  However, the chronology of events recorded concerning his daughters suggest that his [second] wife Tyre could not have been their mother.  m [secondly] (divorced) as her second husband, TYRE Haraldsdatter of Denmark, widow of STYRBJÖRN [Björn] “den Starke/the Strong" of Sweden, daughter of HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark & his [first wife Gunhild ---] (-18 Sep [1000]).  Snorre records the betrothal of "Thyre, a daughter of Harald and King Svein's sister" and "King Burizleif" as part of the deal reached for the release of her brother after he was captured at Jomsborg[38].  Snorre records the marriage in a later passage, Tyre's flight from her new husband to Norway and her marriage to King Olav[39].  Adam of Bremen records the marriage of "Olaph Trucconis filius" and "a Dania superbissimam Thore" soon after he returned to Norway after exile in England[40].  Adam of Bremen records that, after the death of her husband, his wife starved herself to death[41].  She married thirdly (Tønsberg 998) as his fourth wife, Olav I Trygveson King of Norway.  Burislaw & his [first] wife had [three] children: 

a)      GYDA [Geira] (-984).  Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif", recording that Geira was queen in the part of the country in which Olav landed when returning from Garderike.  He records that that they married in 982 and that Olav stayed in Vindland to rule jointly with his wife[42].  Snorre records that Geira died after Olaf Trygvason had been in Vindland for three years[43]m ([982]) as his first wife, OLAV Trygveson, son of TRYGVE Olavsson [Norway] & his wife Åstrid Eiriksdatter (posthumously [968][44]-drowned Øresund o. b. Svold, near Rügen 9 Sep [1000]).  He imposed himself as OLAV I King of Norway in [995].   

b)      ASTRID .  Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif"[45].  Snorre names "Astrid, a daughter of King Burizleif" as the wife of Sigvalde[46]m SIGVALDI, son of STRUTHARALD King in Skåne & his wife ---.  Jarl at Jomsborg. 

c)      GUNHILD (-before [1000]).  Snorre names "Geira, Gunhild and Astrid" as the three daughters of "in Vindland…a king called Burizleif"[47].  In a later passage, he records Gunhild's marriage to Svend King of Denmark arranged as part of the peace deal brokered with the Wends by Sigvaldi (Jarl at Jomsborg) who was already married to another daughter of Burizlaw[48].  According to Snorre, Gunhild died before King Svend's second marriage but no precise date is given[49]m ([988/90]) as his first wife, SVEND I "Tveskæg/Forkbeard" King of Denmark, son of HARALD I "Blåtand/Bluetooth" King of Denmark & his first wife Gunhild ([960]-Gainsborough 3 Feb 1014, bur in England, later removed to Roskilde). 

 

Burislaw & his [second] wife had [one] child: 

 

d)      GUNHILD (-after 1045).  Gunhild must have been much younger than her sisters who are named above if the date of her first marriage is correct.  Florence of Worcester names "the noble lady Gunhilda daughter of king Wyrtgeorn by Canute's sister and successively the wife of earls Hakon and Harold" when recording that she was banished from England in 1044 with her two sons Haakon and Harald and went to Bruges, later to Denmark[50].  It is not, however, certain that Gunhild was the daughter of Burislaw by his wife Tyre of Denmark as it would mean that she was the first cousin of her first husband.  Gunhild is named "kinswoman of King Cnut" in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, when recording that she was expelled from England in 1045 and for a long time thereafter lived at Bruges before going to Denmark[51]m firstly (1029) HAKON Eiriksson Jarl in Norway, son of ERIK Hakonsson Earl of Northumbria & his wife Gyda Svendsdatter ([998]-drowned Pentland Firth 1030 before 29 Jul[52]).  According to Florence of Worcester, "Hakon a Danish earl who had married the noble lady Gunilda, his [=King Canute's] sister's daughter by Wyrtgeorn king of the Winidi" was banished from England in 1029 by King Canute "for he feared that the earl would take either his life or his kingdom"[53]m secondly ([1031]) HARALD Thorkilsen Jarl, son of THORKIL "Havi/the Tall" Ealdorman of East Anglia & his [first] wife --- (after 1017-murdered 1043). 

 

1.      MSTIVOJ .  Adam of Bremen names "principes Winulorum…Mystiwoi et Mizzidrog" as leaders of a Slav rebellion in "Nortalbingia"[54], in a paragraph dealing with events in 1000.  Helmold records that "Mistiwoj" requested the hand in marriage of "neptem ducis Bernardi"[55]m ---.  The name of Mstivoj's wife is not known.  Mstivoj & his wife had one child: 

a)      UTO .  Adam of Bremen names "principes [Winulos] Gneus et Anatrog pagani…[et] Uto filius Mistiwoi…cristianus", recording that Uto was killed in Saxony[56]same person as…?  PRIBIGNIEV .  As shown below, the sources are contradictory regarding the name of the father of Gottschalk.  One solution would be that "Uto" and "Pribigniev" were in fact two names given to the same person.  (Below)

 

2.      MIZZIDROG .  Adam of Bremen names "principes Winulorum…Mystiwoi et Mizzidrog" as leaders of a Slav rebellion in "Nortalbingia"[57], in a paragraph dealing with events in 1000. 

 

1.      ANATROG .  Adam of Bremen names "principes Sclavorum Anatrog et Gneus et Ratibor", recording that they came to Hamburg to sign a peace agreement[58], the passage being undated but the next but one paragraph recording events in 1039. 

 

2.      GNEUS .  Adam of Bremen names "principes Sclavorum Anatrog et Gneus et Ratibor", recording that they came to Hamburg to sign a peace agreement[59], the passage being undated but the next but one paragraph recording events in 1039. 

 

3.      RATIBOR (-killed [1042]).  Adam of Bremen names "principes Sclavorum Anatrog et Gneus et Ratibor", recording that they came to Hamburg to sign a peace agreement[60], the passage being undated but the next but one paragraph recording events in 1039.  Adam of Bremen records that "Ratibor dux Sclavorum" was killed by "Danis…Sclavis terribilis", specifying that Ratibor was a Christian and that he had eight sons who were all killed by Danis[61]

 

 

PRIBIGNEV, son of [UTO] --- .  He was killed by the Saxons[62]

m ---.  The name of Pribignev's wife is not known. 

Pribignev & his wife had [one child]: 

1.      [GOTTSCHALK (-murdered 7 Jun 1066).  Son of Pribignev according to Saxo Grammaticus[63].  On the other hand, Adam of Bremen names "filium [Uto] Gotescalcum", recording that he was studying in Lüneburg when his father was killed[64].  Adam of Bremen records the marriage of "Godescalcus…de quo supra dictum est" and "filia regis Danorum"[65].  Prince of the Wends and of the Obotrites.  He cooperated with the missionary efforts of Adalbero Archbishop of Hamburg who established missionary bishoprics in Wagria, Ratzeburg and Mecklenburg[66].  Adam of Bremen records that "Gotescalcus" was killed by Bernhard[67].  He was supplanted by Cruto[68], after the Wendish uprising in 1066 when the missionary bishoprics were destroyed[69].]  [m firstly ---.  No direct reference has been found to this first marriage of Gottschalk.  However, his son and successor Buthu appears to have been adult on the death of his father, suggesting that he was not born from the same marriage as Gottschalk's son Heinrich.]  m [secondly] SIGRID Svendsdatter of Denmark, illegitimate daughter of SVEND II Estridsen King of Denmark & his mistress --- (-1066 or after).  Adam of Bremen records that "filia regis Danorum" was the wife of "Gotescalcus princeps"[70].  After her husband was killed, she sought refuge with her father in Denmark[71].  Gottschalk & his first wife had [one] child: 

 

a)      BUTHU (-killed in battle 1072).  Helmold names "filium eius Butue" as son and successor of "Godescalcus"[72].  Prince in Wagria.  Helmold records that "Butue" was killed in battle by "Cruto" who obtained "dominium in universa terra Sclavorum"[73]

 

Gottschalk & his [second] wife had [two] children: 

 

b)      HEINRICH ([1059]-22 Mar [1126]).  Adam of Bremen names "Heinricum" as the son of "Gotescalcus princeps" & his wife[74].  He reconquered Wagria from Cruto, then in 1093 used Saxon allies to subdue the Obotrites.  In [1112] he waged war on the Rugians and Leutizi in the east and the Linguones to the south[75].  He was "unjustly deprived of his mother's possessions" by Niels King of Denmark and harried the Danes constantly to reclaim them, laying waste the province between the Elbe and Schleswig.  He eventually agreed to sell the disputed territory to Knud "Lavard" of Denmark Count in Schleswig[76], whom Lothar King of Germany later enfeoffed as Prince of Wagria after Heinrich's death[77].  He established his seat at Altlübeck, at the confluence of the Schwartau and Trave rivers.  This provided a base for the revived missionary work of canon Vizelin from Bremen in 1126[78].  The death of “Heinricus rex Sclauorum” is recorded “XI Kal Apr[79].  [m firstly ---.  No direct indication has been found of this first marriage.  However, Heinrich's sons Mistue and Waldemar were adult in 1112, which suggests that they were more likely born from an earlier marriage of their father's.]  m [secondly] ([1093]) as her second husband, SLAVINA, widow of CRUTO Prince of Wagria, daughter of ---.  Helmold names "Slavina, uxor Crutonis", and records her second marriage with "Heinricus filius Godescalci"[80], undated but the date 1093 inserted in the margin of the edition.  Heinrich & his [first] wife had two children: 

 

i)        MISTUE .  Helmold names "Mistue, filium Heinrici", when recording that he suppressed the rebellion of the Obotrites[81]

 

ii)       WALDEMAR (-killed in battle 1112).  Helmold names "unus filius Heinrici, Woldemarus", when recording that he was killed "a Ranis"[82]

 

Heinrich & his [first/second] wife had two children: 

 

iii)      SWENTEPOLK (-1128).  Helmold names "filii Heinrici, Zventepolch nec non Kanutus", recording that they fought over the succession of their father before agreeing a partition of their territories[83].  Helmold records that "Zwentepolch" was killed by "Dasonis predivitis de Holtsatia" after taking refuge "ad Falderensem portum"[84]m ---.  The name of Svend's wife is not known.  Sventepolk & his wife had one child: 

 

(a)     SVEND (-[1128/29]).  Helmold records that "Zventepolch filius…Zvinike" was killed "apud Ertheneburg urbem Transalbianorum", after which "principatus Sclavorum" was transferred to "Kanutum, filium Herici regis Danorum"[85]

 

iv)     KNUD (-killed in battle Lutilinburg 1127).  Helmold names "filii Heinrici, Zventepolch nec non Kanutus", recording that they fought over the succession of their father before agreeing a partition of their territories[86].  Prince in Wagria.  Helmold records that "Kanutus" was killed "in urbe Lutilinburg" soon after the brothers agreed to share power[87]

 

c)      [--- .  m ---.] 

 

i)       PRIBISLAW-HEINRICH (-1140).  Helmold records that "fratruelem Heinrici Pribizlaum" was captured by "Kanutum, filium Herici regis Danorum" after he was installed by Emperor Lothar as ruler of the Slavs and imprisoned in Schleswig[88]Prince of the Hevelli.  Helmold records that "Pribizlaus atque Niclotus" succeeded in the Slav territories "uno…Wagirensium atque Polaborum, altero Obotritorum" after the death of "Kanutus cognomento Laward"[89], dated to 1131.  Helmold records that "Race, de semine Crutonis" unsuccessfully challenged "Pribizlaum" as leader of the Slavs[90], dated to after 1137.  Helmold records that he was converted to Christianity[91].  He appointed Albrecht "der Bär" Graf von Ballenstedt, Duke of Saxony his heir in Brandenburg[92].  The Annales Palidenses record the death in 1150 of "Henricus de Brandenburg", specifying that he had made "marchio Adelbertus" his heir[93].  The Cronicæ Principum Saxoniæ names "in Brandenburg quidam rex qui Slavice dicibatur Pribislaus" who was called "post…baptismo Henricus" when recording that he adopted "Ursum" as his heir in 1139 as he was childless[94]m PETRISSA, daughter of ---.  After her husband's death, she handed the fort of Brandenburg to Albrecht "der Bär"91.  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Petrissa" as wife of "rex Henricus dictus Pribezlaus"[95]

 

1.             GRINUSm ---.  The name of the wife of Grinus is not known.  Grinus & his wife had one child: 

 

a)      CRUTO [Burislaw] (-killed in battle [1093]).  Helmold names "Crutonem, filium Grini"[96].  Prince in Wagria 1072.  Helmold records that "Butue" was killed in battle by "Cruto" who obtained "dominium in universa terra Sclavorum"[97].  Helmold records the death of "Cruto, Sclavorum princeps et cristiani nominis persecutor", killed by "Heinricus filius Godescalci" after returning from exile in Denmark[98], undated but the date 1093 inserted in the margin of the edition.  m as her first husband, SLAVINA, daughter of ---.  Helmold names "Slavina, uxor Crutonis", and records her second marriage with "Heinricus filius Godescalci"[99], undated but the date 1093 inserted in the margin of the edition.  She married secondly Heinrich Prince of Wagria.  Cruto & his wife had [one] child: 

 

i)        [RACE (-after 1137).  Helmold records that "Race, de semine Crutonis" unsuccessfully challenged "Pribizlaum" as leader of the Slavs[100], dated to after 1137.  It is not known whether Race was the son or grandson of Cruto.] 

 

 

Chapter 5.    PRINCES of the OBOTRITES, HERREN von MECKLENBURG

NIKLOT -1160, PRIBISLAW 1160-1178, HEINRICH BORWIN I 1178-1227

Two brothers, parents not known:   

1.      NIKLOT (-killed in battle [Aug] 1160).  Prince of the Obotrites, Kessins and Circipans, Herr zu Schwerin, Queitzow and Malchow[101].  Helmold records that "maiorem terre Obotritorum Niclotum" was captured by "Kanutum, filium Herici regis Danorum" after he was installed by Emperor Lothar as ruler of the Slavs and imprisoned in Schleswig[102].  Helmold records that "Pribizlaus atque Niclotus" succeeded in the Slav territories "uno…Wagirensium atque Polaborum, altero Obotritorum" after the death of "Kanutus cognomento Laward"[103], dated to 1131.  As a heathen, he was the object of a coalition of Danish and Saxon forces which led a crusade against him in 1147 in response to a call from Pope Eugene III to convert "the infidels of the north"[104].  Niklot fortified the fortress of Dobin on Lake Schwerin and appealed to Adolf II Graf von Holstein, with whom he had a treaty of friendship, to mediate.  Niklot advanced into Wagria, and in Jun 1147 raided Lübeck[105].  The Saxon/Danish army besieged Dobin, but the siege was raised after the Obotrites undertook to embrace Christianity[106].  Although some of his followers were nominally persuaded to be baptised, this proved to be a symbolic conversion and Niklot continued to rule as a heathen warlord.  Helmold records that "Niclotus" held "castra…Ylowe, Mikilinburg, Zverin et Dobin…Wurle" which were overrun by Heinrich Duke of Saxony who defeated and killed Niklot[107]m ---.  The name of Niklot's wife is not known.  Niklot & his wife had three children: 

 

a)      PRIBISLAW (-30 Dec [1178]).  Helmold names "Pribizlavus et Wertizlavus" as sons of "Niclotus", recording in later passages that their jurisdiction was restricted to "terra Kicinorum et Circipanorum" after the death of their father but reconquered "terra Obotritorum"[108].  Prince of the Slavs.  Prince of the Obotrites [1157].  After the death of their father, his sons abandoned Werle, set fire to the castle and withdrew into the interior.  Later in 1160, they made peace with Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony and surrendered the whole area conquered by him, keeping only the districts of Kessin and Circipania with the fortress of Werle as a fief from Duke Heinrich[109].  Helmold records that Pribislaw held "omnia castra…Malachou, Cuscin, Zverin, Ilowe, Mikilinburg" after peace was restored[110].  He converted to Christianity in 1160[111].  Duke Heinrich forestalled a planned assault by the brothers in Spring 1163, captured Werle along with many of Pribislaw's followers.  Pribislaw renewed his efforts in Feb 1164, with help from Pomerania, and overran the fortress of Mecklenburg, Quetzin and Malchow[112].  He was defeated by the Saxons at Verchen, west of Demmin on the Kummerower See, and forced to surrender Demmin[113].  He was restored in [early 1167] as ruler of most of the Obotrite territory except the area of Schwerin, as a fief of the Duke of Saxony, choosing Werle for his residence[114].  He was reinvested as Fürst in Mecklenburg, Kessin and Rostock by Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" 19 Sep 1171[115].  He founded the monastery of Doberan in the Kessin district in the north-eastern part of the diocese of Schwerin in 1171[116].  He accompanied Duke Heinrich on his pilgrimage to Palestine in 1172[117].  The death of “Prebizlauus princeps Slauorum” is recorded “III Kal Jan[118]m ([1140/45]) WOISLAWA von Pommern, daughter of [WARTISLAW I Duke of Pomerania & his wife ---] (-Althof near Doberan 1172, bur Doberan Abbey).  The death and burial of “fundatrix Woizlav” is recorded in an inscription at Althof[119].  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.   Pribislaw & his wife had two children: 

i)       HEINRICH BORWIN von Mecklenburg ([1150]-28 Jan 1227, bur Doberan).  Arnold's Chronica Slavorum names "Burvinus filius Pribizlavi" when recording that he captured "castra Rostoch et Michelenburg", in a later passage naming him "Burvinus, qui et Heinricus"[120], undated but dated to [1182] from the context of other passages.  Knud VI King of Denmark forced the submission of the Mecklenburg princes in 1184[121]Fürst von Mecklenburg.  “Heinricus Burwinus Magnopolitanorum et Kyzzenorum princeps” confirmed the rights and property of Kloster Doberan by charter dated [May/Dec] 1192 which names “Pribizlaui patris nostril Slauorum principis[122]m [firstly] (before 30 Dec 1178) MATHILDE von Sachsen, illegitimate daughter of HEINRICH "dem Löwen" Duke of Saxony and Bavaria [Welf] & his mistress --- von Bliescastel (before 1164-before 1219).  The Annales Stadenses refers to the wife of "Borewini" as "filiam…naturalem [ducis Henrici]"[123].  Arnold's Chronica Slavorum names "filiam Heinrici ducis…Mechthildam" as the wife of "Burvinus filius Pribizlavi"[124].  This marriage was arranged in furtherance of the alliance agreed between Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony after he enfeoffed Heinrich Borwin's father in 1167[125].  [m secondly ADELHEID, daughter of --- (-after 7 Jun 1222).  “Borewino duce Magnipolensi ac…uxoreque eius Adelheyde, necnon legittimis eorundem filiis Henrico et Nicolao” founded the Antonius-Hospital Tempzin by charter dated 7 Jun 1222[126].  The reference to Heinrich and Nikolaus as “eorundem filiis” implies that “Adelheid” was their mother.  However, the chronology is consistent with their having been the sons of Heinrich Borwin´s [first] marriage, although the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified.  There appear to be two possible explanations for this apparent anomaly.  Firstly, Heinrich Borwin´s first wife Mathilde von Sachsen may have died young (the primary source which confirms her death “before 1219” has not yet been identified) and Heinrich´s marriage to Adelheid may have taken place soon after.  Secondly, Heinrich Borwin in fact only married once, one of the sources naming his wife being incorrect.]  Heinrich Borwin & his [first] wife had six children: 

 

(a)     HEINRICH BORWIN [II] von Mecklenburg (-5 Jun 1226, bur Doberan).  The Annales Stadenses names "Heinricum et Nicolaum" as sons of "Borewini"[127].  Herr von Rostock 1219.   (Below)

 

(b)     PRIBISLAW von Mecklenburg .  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  1218.

 

(c)     NIKOLAUS von Mecklenburg (-Burg Gadebusch 28 Sep 1225).  The Annales Stadenses names "Heinricum et Nicolaum" as sons of "Borewini"[128].  His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter under which "Nicolaus princeps Sclauie" confirmed donations to Kloster Amerlungborn by "bone memorie dominus Heinricus de Werle pater meus", in memory of "domini Buorwini avi mei et patrui mei Nicolai"[129].  Herr von Mecklenburg 1219.  Herr von Werle 1223.  He died after falling[130]

 

(d)     daughter.  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.  She is mentioned in 1222 with her son[131]m ---. 

 

(e)     JOHANN von Mecklenburg .  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  1229.

 

(f)       DOBIESLAW von Mecklenburg .  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  1229. 

 

Heinrich Borwin & his [second] wife had [one possible child]: 

 

(g)     [ELISABETH (-10 Feb [1265]).  The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.  Abbess of Wienhausen 1241/1265.] 

 

ii)       daughter (-1182).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.  m BERNHARD von Poppenburg (-11 Jun 1181).  Graf von Poppenburg 1176. 

 

b)      WERTISLAW (-hanged Malchow [May/Jun] 1164).  Helmold names "Pribizlavus et Wertizlavus" as sons of "Niclotus", recording in later passages that their jurisdiction was restricted to "terra Kicinorum et Circipanorum" after the death of their father but reconquered "terra Obotritorum"[132].  He was captured in 1163 by Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony during his assault on Werle and deported to Brunswick[133].  He was publicly hanged at Malchow, accused of being the instigator of his brother's uprising in early 1164[134].  Helmold records that "Wertizlavus…Nicloti filius iunior" was held in chains in Brunswick and later hanged[135]m --- (-after 1182).  The name of Wertislaw's wife is not known.  Arnold's Chronica Slavorum records that "matrem Nycloti qui Wertizlavi filius fuerat" was captured in "castrum Ylowe"[136], undated but dated to [1182] from the context of other passages.  Wertislaw & his wife had one child: 

 

i)       NIKLOT [Nikolaus] [II] (-killed in battle near Waschow 25 May 1200).  Arnold's Chronica Slavorum names "Nycloti qui Wertizlavi filius fuerat", when specifying that his mother was captured in "castrum Ylowe", and in a later passage recording that "Niclotus, qui et Nicolaus" was captured "in terra Buggezlavi" and placed in chains[137], undated but dated to [1182] from the context of other passages.  Prince of the Slavs, Herr von Rostock.  He did homage to Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" in 1181[138].  Knud VI King of Denmark forced the submission of the Mecklenburg princes in 1184[139].  “Nicolaus…Slauorum princeps” donated property to Kloster Doberan by charter dated 8 Apr 1189 which names “patruus meus Pribizlaus” and is subscribed by “Henricus Buruwe princeps de Michelenburc[140]

 

c)      PRISLAW (-[1165/75]).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Herr von Laaland.  m ([1159]) KATARIN Knudsdatter, daughter of KNUD Eriksson "Lavard" of Denmark King of the Wends, Count in Sønderjylland [Schleswig] & his wife Ingeborg Mstislavna of Kiev.  Snorre names (in order) "the Danish king Valdemar…and daughters Margaret, Christina and Catherine" as the children of "Canute Lavard" & his wife[141].  The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.  Prislaw & his wife had [three] children: 

 

i)        KNUD (-after 20 Nov 1183, bur Odense).  “Kanutus Prizlaui principis filius” donated property to St Kanuts-Kirche in Odensee by charter dated 20 Nov 1183[142].  Herr von Laaland. 

 

ii)       WALDEMAR (-before 1182).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Canon in Paris. 

 

iii)      [HEINRICH (-[1228/29]).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Herr von Bukow (Usedom Island).] 

 

2.      LUBEMAR (-1174 or after).  Helmold names "Lubemarum…fratrem Nicloti"[143].  Saxon governor of Werle 1158/1174. 

 

HEINRICH BORWIN II 1219-1226, JOHANN I 1226-1264, HEINRICH I 1264-1302

HEINRICH BORWIN [II] von Mecklenburg, son of HEINRICH BORWIN [I] Fürst von Mecklenburg & his first wife Mathilde von Sachsen (-5 Jun 1226, bur Doberan).  The Annales Stadenses names "Heinricum et Nicolaum" as sons of "Borewini"[144].  His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter under which "Nicolaus princeps Sclauie" confirmed donations to Kloster Amerluncborn by "bone memorie dominus Heinricus de Werle pater meus", in memory of "domini Buorwini avi mei et patrui mei Nicolai"[145].  Herr von Rostock 1219.  “Heinricus…dominus de Rostoch” founded a convent at Güstrow, with the consent of “patris mei Burwini domini Magnopolensis, et filiorum meorum Johannis, Nicolai, Heinrici, Pribizlaui”, by charter dated 3 Jun 1226[146].  The Annales Stadenses record the death of "Borewinus princes Slavorum" in 1226 and his burial at Doberan[147]

m CHRISTINE of Sweden, daughter of --- (-after 20 May 1248).  The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.  Recluse at Satow 1248. 

Heinrich Borwin [II] & his wife had six children: 

1.      JOHANN [I] von Mecklenburg (-1 Aug 1264).  The Annales Stadenses names (in order) "Iohanne, Nicolao, Borewino et Pribizlavo" as the four sons of "Borewinus princes Slavorum"[148].  Herr von Mecklenburg 1227: "Johannes, Nicolaus, Heinricus, Pribizlaws, fratres, domini Magnopolenses" confirmed the donation by "pater noster Heinricus dominus de Roztoch" to the Johanniter Comthurei Mirow, by charter dated 1227[149].  Herr von Rostock 1230.  Fürst von Mecklenburg 1232.  "Nicolaus dominus de Rozstoc" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "uxoris mee Jutte, ac fratrum meorum Johannis…et Heinrici ac Pribizlaui", by charter dated 1233[150].  Herr von Wismar 1257.  m (1229) LUITGARD von Henneberg, daughter of POPPO [VII] Graf von Henneberg (-14 Jun 1267, bur Doberan).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.   Johann [I] & his wife had seven children: 

 

a)      HEINRICH [I] von Mecklenburg ([1230]-2 Jan 1302, bur Doberan).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Herr von Mecklenburg zu Wismar 1257.  He was imprisoned in the prison "der Ungläubigen" 1272 to 1298.  m ([1259]) ANASTASIA von Pommern, daughter of BARNIM I Duke of Pomerania & his first wife Mariana of Sweden ([1245]-15 Mar 1317, bur Wismar Franciscan Church).  The Annales Lubicenses names "Anastasiam sororem Buxslai ducis Salvorum" as wife of "Hinricus dominus Magnopolensis"[151].  Regent of Mecklenburg 1272 to 1287.  Heinrich [I] & his wife had three children: 

 

i)        LUITGARD von Mecklenburg ([1261]-murdered [Dec 1283], bur Gnesen).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.  The Annales Polonorum record the death in 1283 of "coniunx ducis Primislii maioris Polonie, filia Nicolay Kassubite, nomine Lucardis", specifying that she was buried at Gnezen[152]m (Stettin [1273]) as his first wife, PRZEMYSŁ of Poland, son of PRZEMYSŁ I Prince of Poznan, Kalisch and Gniezien [Piast] & his wife Elisabeth von Schlesien [Piast] (14 Oct 1257-murdered Rogoźno 8 Feb 1296, bur Posen Cathedral).  Prince of Poznan in 1277, Prince of Greater Poland 1279.  He succeeded in 1295 as PRZEMYSŁ II King of Poland

 

ii)      HEINRICH [II] "der Löwe" von Mecklenburg (1267-[21/22] Jan 1329, bur Doberan).  The Annales Lubicenses names "Hinricum dominum Magnopolensum" as son of "Hinricus dominus Magnopolensis" & his wife Anastasia[153].  Herr zu Mecklenburg 1289.  Herr von Stargard 1300.  Herr von Rostock 1322.   (Below)

 

iii)      JOHANN [III] von Mecklenburg (-drowned near Poel 27 Jan 1289, bur Wismar Graues Kloster).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  m (3 Nov 1288) as her first husband, HELENA von Rügen, daughter of WIZLAW II Fürst von Rügen & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig ([1270]-9 Aug 1315, bur Kloster Wiederstedt).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.  She married secondly (before 26 Dec 1302) Bernhard II Fürst von Anhalt.  Johann [III] & his wife had one child: 

 

(a)     LUITGARD von Mecklenburg ([1289/90]-drowned 1352, bur Wismar Franciscan Church).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and three marriages has not yet been identified.  m firstly GERHARD Graf von Hoya (-1312).  m secondly ADOLF VII Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Segeberg, son of JOHANN II "der Einaügige" Graf von Holstein in Kiel & his wife Margrete of Denmark (-killed in battle Segeberg 1315 before 15 Oct).  m thirdly (after 22 Nov 1318) GÜNTHER [III] Graf von Lindau-Ruppin (-[1338]). 

 

b)      ALBRECHT [I] von Mecklenburg (-15 or 17 May 1265, bur Doberan).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Herr von Mecklenbrg 1265. 

 

c)      ELISABETH von Mecklenburg (-before 6 Feb 1280).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie refers to the wife of "Gerardus" as "filiam Nicolai de Sclavia"[154].  The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.  m ([1250]) as his first wife, GERHARD von Holstein, son of ADOLF IV Graf von Holstein und Stormarn & his wife Hedwig zur Lippe (1232-21 Dec 1290).  He succeeded as GERHARD I Graf von Holstein in Itzehoe. 

 

d)      NIKOLAUS [III] von Mecklenburg (-8 or 9 Jun 1289/1290).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Canon at Schwerin Cathedral 1246, scholasticus 1248/1261, provost 1266.  Canon at Lübeck Cathedral 1266.  Priest of St Mary at Wismar 1269.  Provost at Lübeck Cathedral 1271.  Co-ruler 1275/1283.  Priest at Bergedorf 1282. 

 

e)       POPPO von Mecklenburg (-before 1264).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Knight of the Teutonic Order. 

 

f)       JOHANN [II] von Mecklenburg (-14 Oct 1299).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Co-ruler 1275/1283.  Herr zu Gadebusch 1283.  m as her first husband, RICHARDA von Arnsberg, daughter of LUDWIG Graf von Arnsberg [Cuyck] (-after [1302/04]).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.  She married secondly (contract 29 Sep 1302) Willem Graf van Dale (-1328 or after).  Johann [II] & his wife had one child: 

 

i)        ELISABETH von Mecklenburg .  The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.  Nun at Rehna 1353.

 

g)      HERMANN von Mecklenburg (-[before 4 Oct 1273]).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Scholasticus at Schwerin Cathedral 1265.

 

2.      MARGARETA von Mecklenburg (-after 18 Aug 1267).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.  m (contract 30 Oct 1230) GÜNZEL [III] Graf von Schwerin, son of HEINRICH [I] Graf von Schwerin & his wife Margareta von Schlawe (-killed in battle 1247).

 

3.      NIKOLAUS [I] von Mecklenburg (-13/14 May 1277, bur Doberan).  The Annales Stadenses names (in order) "Iohanne, Nicolao, Borewino et Pribizlavo" as the four sons of "Borewinus princes Slavorum"[155].  Herr von Rostock 1226/1249.  Herr von Mecklenburg 1227.  Herr von Werle 1230/1249.  Herr von Güstrow 1243/1249. 

-        see Chapter 7.  FÜRSTEN von WERLE

4.      MECHTILD von Mecklenburg (-23 Nov 1270).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.  m (1229) SAMBOR [II] von Pommerellen Herzog von Dirschau, son of MESTWIN I Duke of Pommerellen & his wife Swinislava --- ([1206/07]-[30 Dec 1278/9 Jan 1279]). 

 

5.      HEINRICH BORWIN [III] von Mecklenburg (-after 2 Dec 1277).  The Annales Stadenses names (in order) "Iohanne, Nicolao, Borewino et Pribizlavo" as the four sons of "Borewinus princes Slavorum"[156].  Herr von Rostock 1226.  Herr von Mecklenburg 1227: "Johannes, Nicolaus, Heinricus, Pribizlaws, fratres, domini Magnopolenses" confirmed the donation by "pater noster Heinricus dominus de Roztoch" to the Johanniter Comthurei Mirow, by charter dated 1227[157].  Fürst 1232.  "Nicolaus dominus de Rozstoc" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "uxoris mee Jutte, ac fratrum meorum Johannis…et Heinrici ac Pribizlaui", by charter dated 1233[158].  Herr von Rostock 1236/1250.  m (before 15 Feb 1237) SOPHIE of Sweden, daughter of ERIK Knutsson King of Sweden & his second wife Richiza of Denmark (-before 24 Apr 1241).  Heinrich Borwin [III] & his wife had four children: 

 

a)       JOHANN von Mecklenburg (-before 17 Feb 1268).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 

 

b)      WALDEMAR von Mecklenburg (-9/10 Nov 1282, bur Doberan).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Co-ruler 1266.  m (before 17 Aug 1272) AGNES von Holstein, daughter JOHANN I Graf von Holstein-Schaumburg in Kiel & his wife Elisabeth von Sachsen (-[1 Oct 1286/25 Mar 1287]).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.   Waldemar & his wife had three children: 

 

i)        JOHANN von Mecklenburg .  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  1283/84.

 

ii)      NIKOLAUS "das Kind" von Mecklenburg (-25 Nov 1314, bur Rostock St Johannis).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Herr von Rostock 1283, minor until 1291.  The Annales Lubicenses record that "Nicholaus dominus de Rostocke" swore allegiance to "Erico regi Danorum" in 1300[159]Betrothed (contract broken 1299) to MARGARETA von Brandenburg, widow of PRZEMYSŁ II King of Poland, daughter of ALBRECHT III Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Mathilde of Denmark ([1273/81]-1 May 1315, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).  The Annales Lubicenses record that "Nicholaus dominus de Rostocke" broke his betrothal to "filia Alberti marchionis [Brandenburgensis]" before marrying "filiam Buxslai Slavonum principis", a later passage clarifying that she was "Margaretam relictam regis de Kalys" who later married "Albertus dux [Saxoniæ]"[160]m (1299 before Nov) as her first husband, MARGARETA von Pommern, daughter of BOGISLAW IV Duke of Pomerania & his second wife Margareta von Rügen ([1286/88]-before 25 Jul 1334).  The Annales Lubicenses record the marriage of "Nicholaus dominus de Rostocke" and "filiam Buxslai Slavonum principis" in 1300[161].  The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.  She married secondly ([1316/24], Papal dispensation 3o Avignon 12 Nov 1324) Johann I Duke of Steinau [Piast].  The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified.  Nikolaus & his wife had one child: 

 

(a)     ELISABETH von Mecklenburg .  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.  m (contract 16 Feb 1317) CHRISTIAN Graf von Oldenburg, son of OTTO Graf von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst & his wife Oda von Sternberg (-[23 Jul 1354/18 Jan 1355]).

 

iii)      BORWIN von Mecklenburg .  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  1283/84.

 

c)      HEINRICH von Mecklenburg (-young, bur Doberan).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 

 

d)      ERICH von Mecklenburg (-young, bur Doberan).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 

 

6.      PRIBISLAW von Mecklenburg (-1 Aug [1272]).  The Annales Stadenses names (in order) "Iohanne, Nicolao, Borewino et Pribizlavo" as the four sons of "Borewinus princes Slavorum"[162].  Herr von Mecklenburg 1227/1233.  "Johannes, Nicolaus, Heinricus, Pribizlaws, fratres, domini Magnopolenses" confirmed the donation by "pater noster Heinricus dominus de Roztoch" to the Johanniter Comthurei Mirow, by charter dated 1227[163].  "Nicolaus dominus de Rozstoc" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "uxoris mee Jutte, ac fratrum meorum Johannis…et Heinrici ac Pribizlaui", by charter dated 1233[164].  Herr zu Parchim 1238/1248 and 1261/before 1264.  Herr von Richenberg 1249/1256.  Herr zu Wollin 1270.  m firstly ([1250]) ---, daughter of RICHARD von Friesack & his wife ---.  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.  m secondly ---.  Pribislaw & his first wife had two children:

 

a)      PRIBISLAW [II] von Mecklenburg (-after 21 Jun 1316).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Herr zu Wollin 1273/1286.  Herr zu Belgard 1280/1289.  Herr zu Daber 1280/1290.  Herr zu Welschenburg 1286/[1290].  m ([1 Apr 1269/[1276/80]]) KATHARINA von Pommerellen, daughter of MESTWIN [Mszczuj] II Herzog von Pommerellen [Pomorze] & his first wife Judith von Wettin (-after 1 Jan 1312).  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.   Pribislaw [II] & his wife had two children: 

 

i)       MESTWIN von Mecklenburg (- after 1 Jan 1312).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 

 

ii)      LUKARDIS von Mecklenburg .  The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.  1312.

 

b)      daughter (-after 27 Jan 1289).  The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 

 

Pribislaw & his second wife had one child:

 

c)      PRYBIKO von Mecklenburg (-before 27 Jan 1289).  The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.  Herr von Wollin. 

 

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below. 

HEINRICH II 1287-1329

HEINRICH [II] "der Löwe" von Mecklenburg, son of HEINRICH [I] Fürst von Mecklenburg & his wife Anastasia von Pommern (1267--[21/22] Jan 1329, bur Doberan).  The Annales Lubicenses names "Hinricum dominum Magnopolensum" as son of "Hinricus dominus Magnopolensis" & his wife Anastasia[165].  Herr zu Mecklenburg 1289.  Herr von Stargard 1300.  Herr von Rostock 1322. 

m firstly (Neubrandenburg 11 Aug 1292, Papal dispensation 4o Rome 23 Dec 1292) BEATRIX von Brandenburg, daughter of ALBRECHT III Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Mathilde of Denmark ([1270/80]-Wismar 22 Sep 1314, bur Wismar Franciscan Church).  Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle records that "Albertus…frater Ottonis longi" had two daughters, of whom one married "domino Henrico Magnopolensi" and received "terram Stargardensem"[166].  The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. 

m secondly (contract near Kraak 6 Jul 1315, Dömitz [6 Jul 1315/6 Jan 1317], Papal dispensation Avignon 5 Sep 1318) as her second husband, ANNA von Sachsen-Wittenberg, widow of FRIEDRICH "der Lahme" von Meissen, daughter of ALBRECHT II "Degener" Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg, Elector of Saxony & his wife Agnes [Gertrud] von Habsburg (-22 Nov 1327, bur Wismar). 

m thirdly ([25 Mar/27 Jun] 1328) as her second husband, AGNES von Lindau-Ruppin, widow of WIZLAW III Fürst von Rügen, daughter of [ULRICH I] Graf von Lindau-Ruppin (-9 May 1343, bur Wittenberg).  She married thirdly (after 9 Apr 1331) Rudolf I Herzog von Sachsen in Wittenberg (-12 Mar 1356). 

Heinrich [II] & his first wife had [three or more] children:

1.      MECHTILD von Mecklenburg (1293-3 Jun after 1358, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  m (contract Artlenburg 11 Aug 1307, Papal dispensation 4o Poitiers 4 May 1308, 22 Mar 1310) OTTO von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, son of OTTO II "der Strenge" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg & his second wife Mechtild von Bayern (1296-19 Aug 1352, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis).  He succeeded his father 1330 as OTTO III joint Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg

 

2.      other children (-young). 

Heinrich [II] & his second wife had seven children:

3.       LUKARDIS von Mecklenburg ([1316]-[3 Jun 1362/26 Jan 1369]).  m (before 6 Apr 1328, Papal dispensation Avignon 6 Apr 1328) as his second wife, WLADISLAW Duke of Beuthen and Kosel, son of KASIMIR Duke of Beuthen and Kosel [Piast] & his wife Helena --- ([1277/83]-[16 Sep 1351/8 Sep 1352]). 

 

4.       HEINRICH von Mecklenburg (-young, after 15 Jan 1321, bur Wismar Franciscan Church).

 

5.       ALBRECHT [II] "der Große" von Mecklenburg ([1318]-Schwerin 18 Feb 1379, bur Doberan).  He was created Herzog von Mecklenburg und Fürst by Imperial Order at Prague 8 Jul 1348. 

-        see Chapter 8.  HERZOGEN von MECKLENBURG

6.       ANASTASIA von Mecklenburg (-[1321], bur Wismar Franciscan Church).

 

7.       AGNES von Mecklenburg ([1320]-before 1341).  m (contract Lübeck, Papal dispensation 4o Avignon 15 Sep 1338) as his first wife, NIKOLAUS Herr zu Werle und Güstrow, son of JOHANN II Herr zu Werle und Güstrow [Mecklenburg] & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (-[10 Aug 1360/1 Aug 1361]).

 

8.       BEATRIX von Mecklenburg (1324-1399).  Abbess of Ribnitz 1349-98.

 

9.       JOHANN [I] von Mecklenburg (-[1393 after 28 Mar], bur Strelitz).  Minor until 1344.  He was created Herzog von Mecklenburg und Fürst by Imperial Order at Prague 8 Jul 1348.  Herr in Stargard, Sternberg und Eldenburg 1352. 

 

-        see Chapter 9.  HERZOGEN von MECKLENBURG zu STARGARD

 

 

Chapter 6.    GRAFEN von SCHWERIN

Heinrich "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony transferred the county of Schwerin to Günzel von Hagen as a hereditary fief in [1167], at the same time as he enfeoffed Pribislaw with the other former Obotrite territories[167].  The first cathedral of Schwerin was consecrated 9 Sep 1171 by bishop Berno[168].  The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been consulted, unless otherwise specified below. 

1.       DODELIN .  Canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1150/1152. 

 

2.       GÜNZEL .  Canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1150. 

 

3.       --- .  m ---.  One child: 

 

a)      GÜNZEL [I] von Hagen (-18 Jun 1185, bur Schwerin Cathedral).  He was installed as Graf von Schwerin in [1167].  Helmold records that Heinrich Duke of Saxony installed "nobilem Guncelinum" at "Zverin…castrum"[169].  “Comes Guncelinus de Zvarin” supported the construction of Kloster Stederburg by charter dated 1174[170].  Arnold's Chronica Slavorum names "Guncelini comitis de Zverin" among leaders of the army organised by Heinrich Duke of Saxony to suppress a revolt in Westfalia[171], undated but the date 1 Aug 1179 is inserted in the margin of the edition.  m ODA [von Wölpe] (-before 1191).  Günzel [I] & his wife had five children: 

 

i)       HEINRICH [I] von Schwerin (-17 Feb 1228).  Graf von Schwerin.  The Annales Stadenses record the death in 1228 of "Heinricus comes Zwerinensis"[172].   (Below)

 

ii)      HERMANN von Schwerin .  Provost at Hamburg cathedral 1186/1228. 

 

iii)     FRIEDRICH von Schwerin (-1239).  The charter dated 23 Jun 1227, under which “Henricus…comes in Zwerin” donated property to the Teutonic Knights, names “dominus Fredericus prepositus frater comitis[173].  Canon and provost at Hildesheim cathedral 1181/1228.  Bishop of Schwerin 1238. 

 

iv)     HELMOLD [I] von Schwerin (-[1195/96]).  Graf von Schwerin.  During the absence of Adolf III Graf von Holstein on crusade in 1180, Graf Helmold and Bernhard Graf von Ratzeburg occupied his fortresses at Hamburg, Plön and Itzehoe[174]m ADELHEID von Woldenburg, daughter of LUDOLF Graf von Woldenburg & his wife --- (-20 Mar ----).  1226/1233. 

 

v)      GÜNZEL [II] von Schwerin (-after 25 May 1220).  1195.  "Gozelino et Henrico fratribus, comitibus Zwerinensibus et Nicolao comite Hallandiæ" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers of St John by undated charter (included under 1217 in the compilation)[175].  “Guncelinus comes Zwerinensis” granted property to “uxori mee Ode” by charter dated 25 May 1220[176]m ODA, daughter of --- (-after 25 May 1220).  “Guncelinus comes Zwerinensis” granted property to “uxori mee Ode” by charter dated 25 May 1220[177].  Günzel [II] & his wife had [one child]: 

 

(a)     [ODA von Schwerin .  A charter dated 28 Feb 1221 names “Graff Hinrichs zu Schwerin Schwester, Frau Jdda” as widow of “Graff Niclausen von Halland, könig Woldemars zu Dennemarck natürlichen Sohns” and the rights of their young son “Nicolaus” to half of the county of Schwerin[178].  Despite the wording of this charter, it appears unlikely that Oda, wife of Niels Valdemarssen, could have been the daughter of Günzel [I] Graf von Schwerin unless she was considerably younger than her known brothers.  In addition, she would have been almost 100 years old when she was named in 1283, even assuming that she was born at the end of her supposed father´s lifetime.  Her entitlement to half the county of Schwerin suggests that her father must have been Graf von Schwerin himself.  It appears more probable that Oda was the daughter of Günzel [II] Graf von Schwerin, and therefore niece not sister of Graf Heinrich [I], although the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified.  1283.  m (1217) NIELS Valdemarssen, illegitimate son of VALDEMAR II "Sejr/the Conqueror" King of Denmark & his mistress --- (-[1219]).  Count of Halland 1218.]    

  HEINRICH [I] von Schwerin, son of GÜNZEL [I] von Hagen Graf von Schwerin & his wife Margareta von Schlawe (-17 Feb 1228).  Graf von Schwerin.  "Gozelino et Henrico fratribus, comitibus Zwerinensibus et Nicolao comite Hallandiæ" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers of St John by undated charter (included under 1217 in the compilation)[179].  The Annales Stadenses record the death in 1228 of "Heinricus comes Zwerinensis"[180]

m [firstly] AUDACIA, daughter of ---.  “Hinricus…comes Swerinensis, necnon Audacia eiusdem comitis uxor” donated property to Kloster Stade by charter dated 6 May 1218[181].  1227/1267.  According to Europäische Stammtafeln[182], the wife of Heinrich [I] Graf von Schwerin was Eudoxia [Audacia], daughter of Bołeslaw Prince of Kujavia [Piast]. 

m [secondly] MARGARETE, daughter of ---.  “Henricus…comes in Zwerin” donated property to the Teutonic Knights, with the consent of “uxoris mee Margarete et heredum meorum Guncelini et Helmoldi”, by charter dated 23 Jun 1227[183].  Another table in Europäische Stammtafeln names[184] "Margareta von Schlawe (als Witwe Audacia)", daughter of "Fürst Bogislaw" as the wife of Graf Heinrich.  The primary sources on which this hypothesis is based have not yet been identified.  It is not clear whether Graf Heinrich married twice or had only one wife who was known by two names. 

Graf Heinrich [I] & his [second] wife had seven children: 

1.       GÜNZEL [III] von Schwerin (-killed in battle 1247).  “Henricus…comes in Zwerin” donated property to the Teutonic Knights, with the consent of “uxoris mee Margarete et heredum meorum Guncelini et Helmoldi”, by charter dated 23 Jun 1227[185].  “Henricus comes de Zuerin” granted freedoms to Dorf Medwege by charter dated 16 Feb 1228, witnessed by “Margareta comitissa uxor nostra, Guncelinus filius noster…[186]Graf von Schwerin.  The Annales Stadenses record that "comes Gunzelinus [Zwerinensem]" was killed in battle in 1247 against "Iohannem comes Holtzatiæ"[187]m (contract 30 Oct 1230) MARGARETE von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH BORWIN [II] Herr von Mecklenburg in Rostock & his wife Christine [of Sweden] (-after 18 Aug 1267).  Günzel [III] & his wife had seven children: 

 

a)      daughter .  m BERNHARD Graf von Dannenberg.  1227/1265. 

 

b)      HEINRICH [II] von Schwerin (-before 1267).  1251/1262. 

 

c)      HELMOLD [III] von Schwerin (-1297 or after).  Graf von Schwerin in Schwerin-Neustadt und Marnitz.  m firstly ((contract Lauenburg 23 Nov 1264, [9 Jun 1266/5 Feb 1274]) MECHTILD von Sachsen, daughter of ALBRECHT Duke of Saxony & his third wife Helene von Braunschweig-Lüneburg .  The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not so far been identified.  m secondly (before 1287) MARGARETA von Schleswig, daughter of ERICH Herzog von Schleswig [Sønderjylland] & his wife Margareta von Rügen (-after 14 Aug 1313).  Helmold [III] & his first wife had three children: 

 

i)       GÜNZEL [IV] von Schwerin .  1273/1307. 

 

ii)      HEINRICH [III] von Schwerin (-1344).  Graf von Schwerin in Boitzenburg 1326, in Neustadt 1333.  m ([1316], Papal dispensation Avignon 21 Jan 1320) ELISABETH von Holstein, daughter of ADOLF VI Graf von Holstein in Schauenburg & his wife Helene von Sachsen.  1316/1322. 

 

iii)       MARGARETA von Schwerin .  Nun at Zarrenthin 1319. 

 

d)      GÜNZEL [IV] von Schwerin .  1273/1283.  Canon at Schwerin cathedral.  Herr zu Daber und Neu-Schwerin. 

 

e)       JOHANN von Schwerin (-Anagni [May/Sep] 1300).  Canon at Schwerin cathedral.  Thesaurarius at Schwerin 1295.  Bishop of Riga 1295. 

 

f)       MECHTILD von Schwerinm firstly ABEL of Denmark, son of ABEL King of Denmark & his wife Mechtild von Holstein (1252-Svendborg 2 Apr 1279, bur Svendborg, Franciscan Abbey).  m secondly JOHANN Gans von Wittenberge.  1275/1281. 

 

g)      NIKOLAUS [I] von Schwerin (-[3 Feb/23 Jun] 1323).  Graf von Schwerin in Wittenburg.  m firstly ELISABETH von Holstein, daughter of JOHANN I Graf von Holstein & his wife Elisabeth von Sachsen (-before 1284).  m secondly ([1285/90]) MIROSLAWA von Pommern, daughter of BARNIM I Duke of Pomerania & his third wife Mechtild von Brandenburg ([1270]-[23 Dec 1327/11 Nov 1328]).  Nikolaus [I] & his first wife had one child: 

 

i)        GÜNZEL [VI] von Schwerin (-1327).  Kantor at Schwerin cathedral 1305, resigned 1312.  Graf von Schwerin in Wittenburg.   (Below)

 

Nikolaus [I] & his second wife had ten children: 

 

ii)        MECHTILD von Schwerin .  Nun at Stettin 1304/1306. 

 

iii)       BEATRIX von Schwerin .  Nun at Stettin 1304/1306. 

 

iv)       KUNIGUNDE von Schwerin .  Nun at Zarrenthin 1319. 

 

v)       AGNES von Schwerin .  Nun at Zarrenthin 1319. 

 

vi)      AUDACIA von Schwerin .  Nun at Zarrenthin 1319.  Abbess 1333/1370. 

 

vii)     MARGARETA von Schwerin.  1305/1310.  m as his first wife, WIZLAW III Fürst von Rügen, son of WIZLAW II Fürst von Rügen & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig (-8 Nov 1325). 

 

viii)    ANASTASIA von Schwerin .  The Annales Lubicenses record the second marriage in 1306 of "Woldemarus dux Iutiæ" and "filia Nicholai comitis de Wittenborch"[188]m firstly (1306) as his second wife, WALDEMAR IV Herzog von Schleswig [Sønderjylland], son of ERICH I Herzog von Schleswig & his wife Margareta von Rügen (-1312, bur Schleswig Cathedral).  m secondly ([30 Jul/31 Oct] 1313) GERHARD IV Graf von Holstein und Schauenburg, son of GERHARD II Graf von Holstein in Plön & his first wife Ingeborg Valdemarsdotter of Sweden (-after 20 Jan 1317). 

ix)     BARNIM von Schwerin .  1322. 

 

x)      MIROSLAWA von Schwerin (-after 19 Feb 1368).  1361.  m (1327, Papal dispensation 4o Avignon 15 Jul 1329) JOHANN III Graf von Holstein, son of GERHARD II Graf von Holstein in Plön & his second wife Agnes von Brandenburg ([1297]-27 Sep 1359, bur Reinfeld). 

 

xi)      NIKOLAUS [II] von Schwerin (-[17 May 1349/21 Feb 1350]).  Graf von Schwerin in Boitzenburg und Crivitz 1323.  Graf von Schwerin in Wittenburg 1345.  m (1349) ELISABETH von Schalksberg, daughter of WIDUKIND von Schalksburg (-30 Aug 1374).  She became Abbess of Herford after her husband died.   

 

2.      HELMOLD [II] von Schwerin .  “Henricus…comes in Zwerin” donated property to the Teutonic Knights, with the consent of “uxoris mee Margarete et heredum meorum Guncelini et Helmoldi”, by charter dated 23 Jun 1227[189].  1267. 

 

3.      MECHTILD von Schwerin .  1235/1236.  m HEINRICH [I] Graf von Gleichen, son of LAMBERT [II] Graf von Gleichen & his wife Sophia von Orlamünde (-20 Jan 1257). 

 

4.      three daughters .  1236. 

 

5.      ERMENGARDA von Schwerin .  1252/1270.  Heiress of Schlawe.  m as his [second/third] wife, SWANTOPOLK [I] Duke of Pommerellen, son of MESTWIN I Duke of Pommerellen & his wife Swinislava --- (-10 Jan 1266). 

GÜNZEL [VI] von Schwerin, son of NIKOLAUS [I] Graf von Schwerin in Wittenburg & his first wife Elisabeth von Holstein (-1327).  Kantor at Schwerin cathedral 1305, resigned 1312.  Graf von Schwerin in Wittenburg. 

m RICHARDIS von Tecklenburg, daughter of OTTO [IV] Graf von Tecklenburg [Bentheim-Holland] & his wife Beatrix von Rietberg.  1301/1326. 

Günzel [VI] & his wife had five children: 

1.      OTTO [I] von Schwerin (-14 Jan 1357).  Graf von Schwerinm MECHTILD von Werle, daughter of JOHANN III Fürst von Werle [Mecklenburg] & his [first wife Mechtild von Pommern].  1361.  Otto [I] & his wife had two children: 

 

a)       daughter . 

 

b)      RICHARDIS von Schwerin (-[23 Apr/11 Jun] 1377, bur Stockholm Dominican Church).  m (contract Wismar 12 Oct 1352, 1359) as his first wife, ALBRECHT von Mecklenberg, son of ALBRECHT II "der Große" Herzog von Mecklenburg & his first wife Eufemia Eriksdatter of Sweden (1340-Dobrenau [31 Mar /1 Apr] 1412).  He succeeded as ALBERT King of Sweden in 1364.  He succeeded his father in 1379 as ALBRECHT III joint Herzog von Mecklenburg

 

2.      NIKOLAUS [I] von Schwerin (-1387 or after).  Graf von Tecklenburg 1329.  m (before 1335) HELENE von Oldenburg, daughter of OTTO Graf von Oldenburg in Altbruchhausen.  1335/1352. 

-        GRAFEN von TECKLENBURG[190]

3.       MECHTILD von Schwerin .  1330.  m HENNING Graf von Gützkow .  1320/1340. 

 

4.      BEATE von Schwerin (-before 1340).  m (1334) as his first wife, ALBRECHT IV Herzog von Sachsen in Bergedorf und Mölln, son of JOHANN II Herzog von Sachsen in Lauenburg und Bergedorf & his wife Elisabeth von Holstein-Rendsburg (-Feb 1343, bur Mölln). 

 

5.      RICHARDIS von Schwerin (-1384).  m WALDEMAR V Herzog von Schleswig [Sønderjylland], son of ERICH II Herzog von Schleswig & his wife Adelheid von Holstein-Rendsborg (-1364). 

 

 

Chapter 7.    HERREN zu WERLE 1230-1425, FÜRSTEN zu WENDEN 1418-1425

 NIKOLAUS [I] von Mecklenburg, son of HEINRICH BORWIN II Herr von Mecklenburg zu Rostock & his wife Christine of Sweden (-13/14 May 1277, bur Doberan).  The Annales Stadenses names (in order) "Iohanne, Nicolao, Borewino et Pribizlavo" as the four sons of "Borewinus princes Slavorum"[191].  Herr von Rostock 1226/1249.  Herr von Mecklenburg 1227: "Johannes, Nicolaus, Heinricus, Pribizlaws, fratres, domini Magnopolenses" confirmed the donation by "pater noster Heinricus dominus de Roztoch" to the Johanniter Comthurei Mirow, by charter dated 1227[192].  Herr von Werle 1230/1249.  "Nicolaus dominus de Rozstoc" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "uxoris mee Jutte, ac fratrum meorum Johannis…et Heinrici ac Pribizlaui", by charter dated 1233[193].  Herr von Güstrow 1243/1249.  He was called "socer noster" by Hermann von Gleichen Bishop of Cammin in 1263.  "Nicolaus…Heinricus, Johannes et Bernardus, filii sui, dicti de Werle" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, by charter dated 1274[194].  "Nicolaus princeps Sclauie" confirmed donations to Kloster Amerluncborn by "bone memorie dominus Heinricus de Werle pater meus", in memory of "domini Buorwini avi mei et patrui mei Nicolai", by undated charter[195]

m (before 10 Mar 1233) JUTTA von Anhalt, of HEINRICH I "der Fette" Graf von Anhalt und Aschersleben & his wife Irmgard von Thüringen (-after 14 May 1277).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Iuttam…Sophiam…Hedwigem" as daughters of "Henricum comitem de Anahalt" & his wife, specifying that Jutta married "Nycolaus dominus de Werle"[196].  "Nicolaus dominus de Rozstoc" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "uxoris mee Jutte, ac fratrum meorum Johannis…et Heinrici ac Pribizlaui", by charter dated 1233[197]

Nikolaus [I] & his wife had [seven] children: 

1.      MARGARETA von Werle (after 1231-before 27 May 1261).  m ([1252/53]) as his second wife, BARNIM I Duke of Pomerania, son of BOGISLAW II Duke of Pomerania & his wife Miroslawa von Pommerellen (-13/14 Feb 1278, bur Stettin Marienkirche).

 

2.      MARGARETA von Werle .  1281/85.  m ([1248]) MORITZ Graf von Spiegelberg (-1289 or after).

 

3.      HEINRICH [I] von Werle (-murdered near Saal, Rügen 8 Oct 1291).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Iohannem…Henricum seniorem" as sons of "Nycolaus dominus de Werle" & his wife[198].  "Nicolaus de Werle et dominus in Gutztowe" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, by charter dated 1244, witnessed by "Heinricus et Johannes filii nostri"[199].  "Nicolaus…Heinricus, Johannes et Bernardus, filii sui, dicti de Werle" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, by charter dated 1274[200].  Herr zu Werle zu Güstrow 1281.  He was murdered by his sons.  "Nicholaus et Johannes…domini de Werle et Johannes eadem…domicellus de eodem" donated property "villam Warkentin quondam per Hinricum dominum de Werle nostrum patruum bone memorie" to Kloster Arendsee by charter dated 2 Oct 1314, which also names "Kazimarus et Wartislaus eius filius"[201]m firstly (1262) as her second husband, RIKISSA Birgersdotter, widow of HAAKON Haakonsson "den Unge/the Young" under King of Norway, daughter of BIRGER Magnusson Jarl and Regent of Sweden [Folkungaätten] & his first wife Ingeborg of Sweden (-before 13 Dec 1288).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Rixam filiam regis Suecie" as wife of "Henricum seniorem [filium Nycolai domini de Werle]"[202]m secondly (1291) MECHTILD von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of JOHANN I Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg & his wife Liutgard von Holstein (-Wienhausen 8 Jan after 1308, bur Kloster Wienhausen).  Heinrich [I] & his first wife had three children: 

 

a)      NIKOLAUS von Werle (-after 15 May 1298).  Co-ruler 1282. 

 

b)      HEINRICH [II] von Werle (-after 1308).  Co-ruler 1282.  Herr zu Werle zu Penzlin.  m (before 1290) BEATRIX von Pommern, daughter of BARNIM I Duke of Pomerania & his third wife Beatrix von Brandenburg [Askanier] (-[1315/16]).  Heinrich [II] & his wife had two children: 

 

i)        BARNIM von Werle (-after 8 Jun 1339).  Canon at Cammin Cathedral 1317.  Provost of St Marien at Stettin 1322.  Provost at Cammin Cathedral 1330/1333.  Monk at Kolbatz 1330. 

 

ii)       MECHTILD von Werle (-[21 Jan 1356]).  Prioress of Pyritz.

 

c)      RICHSA von Werle (-after 2 Oct 1312, bur Göttingen Barfüsser-Kloster).  The Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium names "filiam Henrici domini de Werle" as wife of "Albertus [filius Alberti]"[203]m (10 Jan 1284) ALBRECHT von Braunschweig, son of ALBRECHT "der Große" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg & his second wife Alessina di Monferrato ([1268]-22 Sep 1318, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).  He succeeded in 1291 as ALBRECHT II "der Fette/der Feiste" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Göttingen, also in Braunschweig 1294. 

 

4.       JOHANN [I] von Werle (-15 Oct 1283, bur Doberan).  "Nicolaus de Werle et dominus in Gutztowe" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, by charter dated 1244, witnessed by "Heinricus et Johannes filii nostri"[204].  "Nicolaus…Heinricus, Johannes et Bernardus, filii sui, dicti de Werle" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, by charter dated 1274[205].  Herr zu Werle zu Parchim.  m SOPHIE von Lindau-Ruppin, daughter of GÜNTHER I Graf von Lindau-Ruppin (-[18 Jan 1301/9 Jun 1304], bur Röbel Dominican Abbey).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie refers to the wife of "Iohannem seniorem [filium Nycolai domini de Werle]" as "filiam comitis Guntheri de Repin"[206].  "Nicolaus…dominus de Werle" sold property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "matris nostre Domine Sophie, et fratrum nostrorum Guntheri, Bernardi, Henrici et Johannis", by charter dated 1291[207].  Johann [I] & his wife had six children: 

 

a)      NIKOLAUS [II] von Werle (-Pustow 12 Oct 1316).  "Nicolaus…dominus de Werle" sold property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "matris nostre Domine Sophie, et fratrum nostrorum Guntheri, Bernardi, Henrici et Johannis", by charter dated 1291[208].  Herr von Werle zu Parchim 1283.  Herr zu Güstrow 1291.  "Nicholaus et Johannes…domini de Werle et Johannes eadem…domicellus de eodem" donated property "villam Warkentin quondam per Hinricum dominum de Werle nostrum patruum bone memorie" to Kloster Arendsee by charter dated 2 Oct 1314, which also names "Kazimarus et Wartislaus eius filius"[209].  Herr von Wenden 1314.  He died of leprosy[210]m firstly (Papal dispensation 4o Orvieto 1 Oct 1291, [1291/1301]) RICHIZA of Denmark, daughter of ERIK V "Klipping" King of Denmark & his wife Agnes von Brandenburg (-[1303/27 Oct 1308]).  m secondly ([Crivitz 10 Jul 1314]) MECHTILD von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of OTTO II "der Strenge" Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Lüneburg & his second wife Mechtild von Bayern .  Nikolaus [II] & his wife had two children:

 

i)       JOHANN [III] von Werle (-after 1 Apr 1352).  Co-ruler 1311.  Herr zu Werle zu Goldberg 1316.  Herr von Wenden 1328.  m firstly (contract Stettin 20 Jan 1317) MECHTILD von Pommern, daughter of OTTO I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his second wife Elisabeth von Holstein (-12 Jul 1332).  m secondly RICHARDIS, daughter of --- (-before 6 Jul 1346).  Johann [III] & his first wife had [three] children:

(a)     JOHANN von Werle (-before 1341). 

 

(b)     NIKOLAUS [IV] von Werle (-[14 Mar/16 Nov] 1354).  Co-ruler 1343.  Herr zu Werle zu Goldberg 1343.  m (before 6 Jul 1346) as her first husband, AGNES von Lindau-Ruppin, daughter of ULRICH II Graf von Lindau-Ruppin (-after 13 Apr 1367).  She married secondly (before 10 Dec 1361) as his third wife, Johann I Herzog von Mecklenburg.  Nikolaus [IV] & his wife had three children: 

 

(1)     MECHTILD von Werle (-after 17 Dec 1402[211]).  m LORENZ Herr von Werle zu Güstrow, son of NIKOLAUS [III] Herr von Werle zu Güstrow & his first wife Agnes von Mecklenburg (1339-15 Sep 1393).

 

(2)     AGNES von Werle (-after 26 Sep 1383).  m JOHANN [VI] Herr von Werle zu Waren, son of BERNHARD [II] Herr von Werle zu Waren & his wife Elisabeth von Holstein-Plön (1341-[7 Mar 1389/16 Oct 1395]).

 

(3)     JOHANN [IV] von Werle (-[29 Jul/14 Dec] 1374, bur Doberan).  Herr von Werle zu Goldberg. 

 

(c)     [MECHTILD von Werle (-after 1361).  m OTTO [I] Graf von Schwerin, son of GÜNZEL [VI] Graf von Schwerin in Wittenburg & his wife Richarda von Tecklenburg [Bentheim-Holland] (-14 Jan 1357).]

 

Johann [III] & his [second] wife had two children:

 

(d)      SOPHIE von Werle (-1384, bur Neuruppin).  m ALBRECHT [VI] Graf von Lindau-Ruppin (-1391 before 29 Apr).

 

(e)      RIXA von Werle (-after 9 Oct 1392).  Prioress at Dobertin.

 

ii)       SOPHIE von Werle (-after 6 Dec 1339).  m ([1315], Papal dispensation 4o Avignon 2 Jan 1325 and 11 Jul 1326) GERHARD Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Rendsburg, son of HEINRICH Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Rendsburg & his wife Heilwig von Bronkhorst (-killed in battle Randers 1 Apr 1340).  Administrator of Denmark 1326/1336.  Duke of Jutland 1326/1330. 

 

b)      JOHANN [II] von Werle (-27 Aug 1337, bur Doberan).  "Nicholaus et Johannes…domini de Werle et Johannes eadem…domicellus de eodem" donated property "villam Warkentin quondam per Hinricum dominum de Werle nostrum patruum bone memorie" to Kloster Arendsee by charter dated 2 Oct 1314, which also names "Kazimarus et Wartislaus eius filius"[212].  Herr von Wenden 1314.  Herr zu Güstrow 1316.    (Below)

 

c)      GÜNTHER von Werle (-after 20 Apr 1310).  "Nicolaus…dominus de Werle" sold property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "matris nostre Domine Sophie, et fratrum nostrorum Guntheri, Bernardi, Henrici et Johannis", by charter dated 1291[213].  Canon at Güstrow 1301.  Postulat of Cammin 1302.  Canon at Magdeburg 1303/1310.

 

d)      BERNHARD von Werle (-after 24 Aug 1309, bur Röbel).  "Nicolaus…dominus de Werle" sold property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "matris nostre Domine Sophie, et fratrum nostrorum Guntheri, Bernardi, Henrici et Johannis", by charter dated 1291[214].  Dominican monk 1309. 

 

e)      HEINRICH von Werle (-after 17 Mar 1291, bur Röbel).  "Nicolaus…dominus de Werle" sold property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "matris nostre Domine Sophie, et fratrum nostrorum Guntheri, Bernardi, Henrici et Johannis", by charter dated 1291[215].  Dominican monk. 

 

f)        JOHANN von Werle (-after 10 Mar 1311).  "Nicolaus…dominus de Werle" sold property to Kloster Amerluncborn, with the consent of "matris nostre Domine Sophie, et fratrum nostrorum Guntheri, Bernardi, Henrici et Johannis", by charter dated 1291[216].  Minor until 1288.  Herr von Werle 1309.  "Nicholaus et Johannes…domini de Werle et Johannes eadem…domicellus de eodem" donated property "villam Warkentin quondam per Hinricum dominum de Werle nostrum patruum bone memorie" to Kloster Arendsee by charter dated 2 Oct 1314, which also names "Kazimarus et Wartislaus eius filius"[217]

 

5.      HEDWIG von Werle (-9 Sep 1287, bur Kloster Chorin).  The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "filiam domini Nicolai Hedwigem" as the wife of "Iohannem [filium Iohannis]"[218]m ([1258/62]) JOHANN von Brandenburg, son of JOHANN I Markgraf von Brandenburg & his first wife Sophie of Denmark ([1233/42]-Tangermünde 10 Sep 1281, bur Kloster Chorin).  He succeeded his father in [1266/67] as JOHANN II Markgraf von Brandenburg

 

6.      BERNHARD [I] von Werle (-[9 Mar 1282/3 Mar 1288]).  "Nicolaus…Heinricus, Johannes et Bernardus, filii sui, dicti de Werle" donated property to Kloster Amerluncborn, by charter dated 1274[219]

 

7.      [daughter .  m KONRAD Graf von Gützkow (-1284 or after).] 

 

JOHANN [II] von Werle, son of JOHANN [I] Herr von Werle zu Parchim [Mecklenburg] & his wife Sophie von Lindau-Ruppin (-27 Aug 1337, bur Doberan).  "Nicholaus et Johannes…domini de Werle et Johannes eadem…domicellus de eodem" donated property "villam Warkentin quondam per Hinricum dominum de Werle nostrum patruum bone memorie" to Kloster Arendsee by charter dated 2 Oct 1314, which also names "Kazimarus et Wartislaus eius filius"[220].  Herr von Wenden 1314.  Herr zu Güstrow 1316. 

m (contract Eisenach 23 Oct 1311, before 22 May 1318) MECHTILD von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, daughter of HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg in Grubenhagen und Salzderhelden & his wife Agnes von Meissen ([1295]-before 14 Mar 1344, bur Röbel Dominican monastery). 

Johann [II] & his wife had three children: 

1.      NIKOLAUS [III] von Werle (-[10 Aug 1360/1 Aug 1361]).  Herr zu Werle.  Herr zu Wenden 1343.  Herr zu Güstrow 1347.  m firstly (contract Lübeck, Papal dispensation 4o Avignon 15 Sep 1338) AGNES von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH II "dem Löwen" Herr von Mecklenburg & his second wife Anna von Sachsen-Wittenberg ([1320]-before 1341).  m secondly (1341) MECHTILD von Holstein, daughter of JOHANN III Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Plön & his first wife Katharina von Glogau [Piast] (-after 6 Jan 1367).  Nikolasu [III] & his [first] wife had one child:

 

a)      LORENZ von Werle (-15 Sep 1393).  Herr von Werle zu Güstrow 1361.  Herr zu Goldberg 1374.  Herr zu Wenden 1363.  m MECHTILD von Werle, daughter of NIKOLAUS IV Herr von Werle zu Parchim [Mecklenburg] & his wife Agnes von Lindau-Ruppin (-after 1402).  Lorenz & his wife had five children: 

 

i)       BALTHASAR von Werle (-5 Apr 1421).  Herr von Werle zu Güstrow und Goldberg 1393.  Fürst zu Wenden, Herr zu Werle 1418.  He died of the plague[221]m firstly ([15 Jan/18 Oct] 1397) EUFEMIA von Mecklenburg, daughter of MAGNUS I Herzog von Mecklenburg & his wife Elsabe von Pommern-Rügen (-1416, bur Güstrow Cathedral).  m secondly (Papal dispensation 3o 18 May 1411[222], before 18 Apr 1417) as her first husband, HEDWIG von Holstein, daughter of GERHARD VI Herzog von Schleswig, Graf von Holstein & his wife Katharina [Elisabeth] von Braunschweig (1398-1436, bur Oldenburg St Lambert).  The Chronicon Holtzatiæ refers to, but does not name, one daughter of "Gherardus dux Sleszwiccensis et Holtzacie" & his wife as the wife firstly of "Baltazaro domino Slavorum" (by whom she was childless) and secondly of "comiti Theoderico de Oldenburg"[223].  She married secondly (1423) as his second wife, Dietrich Graf von Oldenburg

 

ii)      JOHANN [VII] von Werle (-[26 Jun/16 Jul] 1414).  m as her first husband, KATHARINA von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of ERICH IV Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sophie von Braunschweig (-after 18 Nov 1448).  Regent in Schwerin 1422/1436.  She married secondly (Papal dispensation 12 Aug 1417) as his second wife, Johann IV Herzog von Mecklenburg.

 

iii)      NIKOLAUS von Werle (-after 1 May 1401).

 

iv)      WILHELM von Werle (-7 Sep 1436, bur Güstrow Cathedral).  Herr zu Werle 1408.  Fürst zu Wenden, Herr zu Werle 1418.  Herr zu Güstrow 1421.  m firstly (1422) ANNA von Anhalt, daughter of ALBRECHT IV von Anhalt Herr zu Köthen & his first wife Elisabeth von Mansfeld (-before 13 Jun 1426, bur Güstrow Cathedral).  m secondly ([13 Nov 1426/1427], Papal dispensation 26 Jul 1428) SOPHIE von Pommern, daughter of WARTISLAW VIII Duke of Pomerania in Rügen & his wife Agnes von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-after 17 Mar 1453).  Wilhelm & his second wife had one child:

 

(a)     KATHARINA von Werle (-[21 Jul 1475/13 Jan 1480]).  m ([14 Feb/15 Sep] 1454) ULRICH II Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard, son of HEINRICH Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard & his second wife Ingeborg von Pommern-Stettin ([1428]-13 Jul 1471, bur Wanzka).

 

v)             EUFEMIA von Werle (-after 17 Dec 1402). 

 

Nikolaus [III] & his second wife had two children: 

 

b)      JOHANN [V] von Werle (-after 24 Aug 1377).  Fürst von Werle zu Güstrow.  m (16 Jun 1377) EUFEMIA von Mecklenburg, daughter of HEINRICH III Herzog von Mecklenburg & his first wife Ingeborg of Denmark (-after 6 Aug 1400). 

 

c)      KATHARINA von Werle (-after 17 Dec 1402).  m (before 25 Jan 1366) ALBRECHT [V] von Sachsen in Bergedorff und Mölln, son of ALBRECHT IV Herzog von Sachsen in Bergedorf und Mölln & his first wife Beate von Schwerin (-[1370]). 

 

2.      BERNHARD [II] von Werle (-[16 Jan 1382/12 Mar 1390]).  Herr von Werle zu Waren 1347.  m (1341) ELISABETH von Holstein-Plön, daughter of JOHANN III Graf von Holstein in Plön & his first wife Katharina von Glogau [Piast] (-[10 Aug 1391/15 Aug 1410]).  Bernhard [II] & his wife had three children: 

 

a)      JOHANN von Werle (1341-[1389/95]).  Co-ruler 1369.  m AGNES von Werle, daughter of NIKOLAUS [IV] Fürst von Werle zu Parchim [Mecklenburg] & his wife Agnes von Lindau-Ruppin (-after 26 Sep 1383).  Johann & his wife had four children: 

 

i)       NIKOLAUS [V] von Werle (-after 21 Jan 1408).  Herr von Werle zu Waren 1401.  m (after 7 Apr 1398) as her second husband, SOPHIE von Pommern, widow of ERICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg, daughter of BOGISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his second wife Agnes von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-before 21 Aug 1408).  Nikolaus [V] & his wife had one child: 

 

(a)     JUTTA von Werle (-before 1427).  m as his first wife, HEINRICH Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard, son of ULRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard & his second wife Margarete von Pommern (-[26 May/20 Aug] 1466, bur Wanzka). 

 

ii)       CHRISTOPH von Werle (-killed in battle 25 Aug 1425, bur Röbel).  

 

iii)       AGNES von Werle (-after 20 Oct 1449).  Nun at Malchow.

 

iv)       MIRISLAWA von Werle (-after 28 Nov 1436).  Nun at Quedlinburg.

 

b)      MECHTILD von Werlem (before 26 Feb 1377) as his second wife, HEINRICH III Herzog von Mecklenburg, son of ALBRECHT II "der Große" Herzog von Mecklenburg & his first wife Eufemia Eriksdatter of Sweden (-Wismar 24 Apr 1383). 

 

c)      MIRISLAWA von Werle .  Nun at Eldena.

 

3.      SOPHIE von Werle ([1329]-5 Sep 1364, bur Marienthron).  She died of plague[224]m firstly (1341) as his second wife, ALBRECHT IV Herzog von Sachsen in Bergedorf und Mölln, son of JOHANN II Herzog von Sachsen in Lauenburg und Bergedorf & his wife Elisabeth von Holstein-Rendsburg (-Feb 1343, bur Mölln).  m secondly ([1343]) BARNIM IV Duke of Pomerania, son of WARTISLAW IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und Hinterpommern & his wife Elisabeth von Lindau-Ruppin ([1325]-22 Aug 1365). 

 

 

Chapter 8.    HERZOGEN von MECKLENBURG

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been consulted, unless otherwise specified below. 

ALBRECHT II 1348-1379, HEINRICH III 1379-1383, ALBRECHT IV 1383-1387

ALBRECHT [II] "der Große" von Mecklenburg, son of HEINRICH II "der Löwe" Herr von Mecklenburg & his second wife Anna von Sachsen ([1318]-Schwerin 18 Feb 1379, bur Doberan).  He was created Herzog von Mecklenburg und Fürst by Imperial Order at Prague 8 Jul 1348.  He bought the county of Schwerin in 1358 for 20,000 silver marks[225]

m firstly (contract Bohus 24 Jul 1321, Rostock [10 Apr] 1336) EUFEMIA Eriksdatter of Sweden, daughter of ERIK Magnusson of Sweden Duke in Södermanland & his wife Ingeborg of Norway ([1317]-[27 Oct 1363/16 Jun 1370]). 

m secondly (before 4 Mar 1378) as her first husband, ADELHEID von Honstein, daughter of ULRICH Graf von Honstein in Kelbra (-1405 or after).  She married secondly Friedrich VIII "der Ältere" Graf von Beichlingen in Sachsenburg. 

Herzog Albrecht [II] & his first wife had five children:

1.      HEINRICH "de Henger"[226] von Mecklenburg (-Wismar 24 Apr 1383).  The Chronicon Holtzatiæ names "in terra Mekelemberg…Hinricus comes bellicosus et sagax", specifying that he was the son of "Albertum…quem voluit in regnum Swecie introducere"[227].  He succeeded his father in 1379 as HEINRICH III Herzog von Mecklenburg.  He died following an accident at a tournament[228][229]Betrothed to MARGRETE of Denmark, daughter of VALDEMAR IV "Atterdag" King of Denmark & his wife Heilwig von Schleswig (1345-1350).  m firstly (contract Dornburg 23 Oct 1350, before 3 Jun 1362) INGEBORG of Denmark, daughter of VALDEMAR IV "Atterdag" King of Denmark & his wife Heilwig von Schleswig (1 Apr 1347-before 16 Jun 1370).  m secondly (before 26 Feb 1377) MECHTILD von Werle, daughter of BERNHARD II Fürst von Werle zu Waren [Mecklenburg] & his wife Elisabeth von Holstein-Plön.  Herzog Heinrich [III] & his first wife had four children:

 

a)      EUPHEMIA von Mecklenburg (-after 6 Aug 1400).  No children.  m (16 Jun 1377) JOHANN V Fürst von Werle-Güstrow, son of NIKOLAUS III Fürst von Werle zu Güstrow & his second wife Mechtild von Holstein-Schauenburg (-after 24 Aug 1377). 

 

b)      ALBRECHT von Mecklenburg (-before 24 Jun [1387/88]).  He was recognized as heir of Denmark in 1375[230].  He succeeded his father in 1383 as ALBRECHT IV Herzog von Mecklenburgm as her first husband, ELISABETH von Holstein-Rendsburg, daughter of NIKOLAUS Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg & his wife Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-25 Jan 1416, bur Cammin).  She married secondly (1404) Erich V Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg

 

c)      MARIE von Mecklenburg ([1363/67]-after 13 May 1402).  She was ancestor of the later Kings of Denmark, as eventual heiress of her maternal aunt Margrethe I Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.  m (1380 before 23 Mar) WARTISLAW VII Duke of Pomerania in Hinterpommern, son of BOGISLAW V Duke of Pomerania in Hinterpommern & his second wife Adelheid von Braunschweig (-killed in battle [1394/24 Feb 1395]). 

 

d)      INGEBURG von Mecklenburg (1368-28 Sep 1408).  Nun at Ribnitz 1376, abbess 1395. 

 

2.      INGEBORG von Mecklenburg ([1340]-after 25 Jul 1395, bur Itzehoe).  m firstly (contract Pritzwalk 25 Jun 1357, Feb 1360) as his second wife, LUDWIG VI Duke of Bavaria Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of Emperor LUDWIG IV King of Germany, Duke of Bavaria Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his second wife Marguerite de Hainaut [Avesnes] Ctss de Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland (Rome 12 May 1330-Berlin 17 May 1365, bur Berlin Church of the Franciscan Order).  m secondly (before 1374) as his second wife, HEINRICH II "der Eiserne" Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg, son of GERHARD III "der Grosse" Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg & his wife Sophie von Werle [Mecklenburg] ([1317]-[16 Oct 1384/12 Jun 1389], bur Itzehoe).

3.      ALBRECHT von Mecklenburg ([1340]-Dobrenau [31 Mar /1 Apr] 1412, bur Doberan).  He was crowned ALBERT King of Sweden at Uppsala 18 Feb 1364, his right of accession coming through his mother's family.  He succeeded his father in 1379 as ALBRECHT III joint Herzog von Mecklenburg.  Deposed as King of Sweden in 1389, he was imprisoned by Margrethe Queen of Denmark from 24 Feb 1389 to 26 Sep 1395.  Lord of Gotland 1397/1399.  He formally abdicated as King of Sweden in 1405.  m firstly (contract Wismar 12 Oct 1352, 1359) RICHARDIS von Schwerin, daughter of OTTO [I] Graf von Schwerin & his wife Mechtild von Werle [Mecklenburg] (-[23 Apr/11 Jun] 1377, bur Stockholm Dominican Church).  m secondly (Schwerin 12/13 Feb 1396) as her third husband, AGNES von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, widow firstly of BURCHARD V Graf von Mansfeld and secondly of BOGISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast, daughter of MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg & his wife Katharina von Anhalt (-[1 Aug 1430/22 Dec 1434], bur Gadebusch).  Herzog Albrecht [III] & his first wife had three children:

 

a)      ERICH von Mecklenburg (-Landscrona 26 Jul 1397, bur Wisby St Mary's Church).  Lord of Gotland.  He was imprisoned with his father by Margrethe Queen of Denmark from 24 Feb 1389 to 26 Sep 1395.  He died of plague[231]m (10/15 Feb 1396) as her first husband, SOPHIE von Pommern, daughter of BOGISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his second wife Agnes von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (-before 21 Aug 1408). She married secondly (after 7 Apr 1398) Nikolaus [V] Herr zu Werle [Mecklenburg]. 

 

b)      daughter (-after 1 May 1376).

 

c)      RICHARDIS von Mecklenburg (-after 15 Mar 1400).  m (Prague 10 Feb 1388) JOHANN of Bohemia Markgraf of Brandenburg Herzog von Görlitz, son of Emperor KARL IV King of Germany, King of Bohemia & his fourth wife Elisabeth von Pommern (Prague 22 Jun 1370-Kloster Neuzelle 1 Mar 1396, bur Prague Cathedral St Veit). 

 

Herzog Albrecht [III] & his second wife had one child:

 

d)      ALBRECHT [V] von Mecklenburg (-[1 Jun/6 Dec] 1423, bur Gadebusch).  Minor until 1415.  He was joint founder of the University of Rostock in 1419, jointly with his first cousin Johann IV Herzog von Mecklenburg[232]Betrothed (1423) to MARGARETA von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut ([1410]-Landshut 27 Jul 1465, bur Kloster Seligenthal). 

 

4.      ANNA von Mecklenburg (-1415 after 26 Jan).  The Chronicon Holtzatiæ names "Alberti regis Swecie sororem…Annam" as wife of "comes Iohannes…filium comitem Adolphum", commenting that she was sterile[233]m (contract Travemünde 20 Jun 1362, [4 Dec 1362/21 Sep 1365]) ADOLF IX Graf von Holstein, son of JOHANN III Graf von Holstein in Plön & his second wife Mirizlawa von Wittenberg (-26 Jan 1390, bur Hamburg Cathedral).

 

5.      MAGNUS von Mecklenburg (-2/15 Apr 1385).  He succeeded his father in 1379 as MAGNUS I joint Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Below)

 

MAGNUS I 1379-1385, JOHANN IV 1385-1422

MAGNUS von Mecklenburg, son of ALBRECHT II "der Große" Herzog von Mecklenburg & his first wife Eufemia Eriksdatter of Sweden (-2/15 Apr 1385).  He succeeded his father in 1379 as MAGNUS I joint Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin

m (contract Drücke bei Damgarten 5 Jul 1362, 7 Jul 1369) ELISABETH von Pommern, daughter of BARNIM IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und Rügen & his wife Sophie von Werle-Güstrow [Mecklenburg] (-[5 Sep 1388/4 Jan 1398]). 

Herzog Magnus I & his wife had two children: 

1.       JOHANN von Mecklenburg (-Schwerin 16 Oct 1422, bur Doberan).  He succeeded his father in 1385 as JOHANN IV joint Herzog von Mecklenburg, minor until 1388.  He was joint founder of the University of Rostock in 1419, jointly with his first cousin Albrecht V Herzog von Mecklenburg[234].  He claimed the throne of Sweden in 1422[235]m firstly (contract Boizenburg 15 Dec 1398, Schwerin 28 Feb 1400) JUTTA von Hoya, daughter of OTTO II Graf von Hoya (-7 Oct 1415, bur Schwerin).  m secondly (Papal dispensation 12 Aug 1417) as her second husband, KATHARINA von Sachsen-Lauenburg, widow of JOHANN [VII] Herr zu Werle zu Güstrow [Mecklenburg], daughter of ERICH IV Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sophie von Braunschweig (-after 18 Nov 1448).  Herzog Johann IV & his first wife had [three or more] children:

 

a)      MAGNUS von Mecklenburg (-after 27 Dec 1408). 

 

b)      daughters (-young). 

 

Herzog Johann IV & his second wife had two children:

 

c)      HEINRICH "pinguis" von Mecklenburg (-9 Mar 1477, bur Stargard).  He succeeded in 1423 as HEINRICH IV "der Fette" Herzog von Mecklenburg, minor until 1436.   (Below)

 

d)      JOHANN von Mecklenburg (-[1 Nov 1442/13 Jan 1443]).  He succeeded in 1423 as JOHANN V Herzog von Mecklenburg, minor until 1436.  m (Papal dispensation 3o Basel 25 Sep 1435, 17 Sep 1436) ANNA von Pommern, daughter of KASIMIR Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his first wife Katharina von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (before 1421-[14 May 1447/21 Nov 1459]).

 

2.      EUFEMIA von Mecklenburg (-1416, bur Güstrow Cathedral).  m ([15 Jan/18 Oct] 1397) as his first wife, BALTHASAR Herr von Werle zu Güstrow, son of LORENZ Herr von Werle zu Güstrow [Mecklenburg] & his wife Mechtild von Werle [Mecklenburg] (-5 Apr 1421).  Fürst von Wenden 1418. 

 

HEINRICH IV 1423-1477, ALBRECHT VI 1464-1483, BALTHASAR 1480-1507

HEINRICH von Mecklenburg, son of JOHANN IV Herzog von Mecklenburg & his second wife Katharina von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-9 Mar 1477, bur Stargard).  He succeeded in 1423 as HEINRICH IV "der Fette" Herzog von Mecklenburg, minor until 1436.  In Wenden 1436.  In Stargard 1471. 

m (1432) DOROTHEA von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg [Hohenzollern] & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut (Berlin 9 Feb 1420-Kloster Rehna 19 Jan 1491, bur Gadebusch).  She became a nun at Rehna in 1485. 

Herzog Heinrich IV & his wife had seven children: 

1.      ALBRECHT [VI] von Mecklenburg (1438-18 Feb 1483, bur Güstrow Cathedral).  He succeeded his father in 1477 as ALBRECHT [VI] joint Herzog von Mecklenburg.  In Wenden 1480.  m ([15 Oct 1466/17 Apr 1468]) MARGARETA von Lindau-Ruppin, daughter of ALBRECHT [III] Graf von Lindau-Ruppin (-1485 before 10 Sep).

 

2.      JOHANN von Mecklenburg (-after 20 May 1474). 

 

3.      MAGNUS von Mecklenburg (1 Jan 1441-20 Nov 1503, bur Doberan).  He succeeded his father in 1477 as MAGNUS II joint Herzog von Mecklenburg.  He died of leprosy[236]m (Anklam 31 May 1478) SOPHIE von Pommern, daughter of ERICH II Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his wife Sophie von Pommern (-Wismar 26 Apr or 26 May 1504, bur Wismar Dominican Church). 

-        HERZOGEN von MECKLENBURG

4.      KATHARINA von Mecklenburg (1442-[1451/52]).  Nun at Rehna. 

 

5.      ANNA von Mecklenburg (1447-7 Sep 1464, bur Doberan).

 

6.      ELISABETH von Mecklenburg (16/18 Sep 1449-20 Jun 1506, bur Ribnitz).  Nun at Ribnitz 1454, abbess 1467, resigned 1492.

 

7.      BALTHASAR von Mecklenburg (1451-Wismar 16 Mar 1507, bur Doberan).  Administrator postulate of Hildesheim 1471/1474, and of Schwerin 1473/1479, resigned.  He succeeded in 1480 as BALTHASAR joint Herzog von Mecklenburgm (13 Jan 1482) MARGARETA von Pommern, daughter of ERICH II Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his wife Sophie von Pommern (-27 Mar 1526, bur Wismar Dominican Church). 

 

 

Chapter 9.    HERZOGEN von MECKLENBURG-STARGARD

JOHANN I 1377-1392, JOHANN II 1392-1416, JOHANN III 1416-1438

JOHANN [I] von Mecklenburg, son of HEINRICH II "dem Löwen" Fürst von Mecklenburg & his second wife Anna von Sachsen-Wittenberg (-[1393 after 28 Mar], bur Strelitz).  Minor until 1344.  He was created Herzog von Mecklenburg und Fürst by Imperial Order at Prague 8 Jul 1348.  Herr in Stargard, Sternberg und Eldenburg 1352. 

m firstly RIXA, daughter of --- (-before 1346). 

m secondly ([1346]) ANNA von Holstein, daughter of ADOLF VII Graf von Holstein in Schaumburg und Pinneberg & his second wife Heilwig zur Lippe (-3 Jan 1358). 

m thirdly (before 10 Dec 1361) as her second husband, AGNES von Lindau-Ruppin, widow of NIKOLAUS [IV] Herr zu Werle zu Goldberg [Mecklenburg], daughter of ULRICH II Graf von Lindau-Ruppin (-after 13 Apr 1367). 

Herzog Johann [I] & his second wife had one child:

1.      ANNA von Mecklenburg (-after 14 Mar 1399).  m (Neubrandenburg 4 Apr 1363) WRATISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania, son of BARNIM IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und Rügen & his wife Sophie von Werle-Güstrow [Mecklenburg] ([1346/49]-13 Jun 1394 bur Eldena Kloster). 

Herzog Johann [I] & his third wife had five children:

2.      JOHANN von Mecklenburg (-[6 Jul/9 Oct] 1416, bur Sternberg).  He succeeded in his father 1392 as JOHANN II Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard.  In Sternberg, Friedland, Fürstenberg und Lychen [1408].  m (1388) WILHEIDA KATARZYNA of Lithuania, daughter of ALGIRDAS [Olgierd] Grand Duke of Lithuania & his second wife Iuliana Aleksandrovna of Tver [Rurikid] (-after 4 Apr 1422).  Herzog Johann II & his wife had three children: 

 

a)      JOHANN von Mecklenburg ([1389]-31 Dec 1438, bur Sternberg).  He succeeded as JOHANN III Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargardm (14 Oct 1430) LUTRUD von Anhalt-Köthen, daughter of ALBRECHT IV von Anhalt Herr zu Köthen & his first wife Elisabeth von Mansfeld (-[4 Jun 1465/11 Jun 1474]). 

 

b)      HEDWIG von Mecklenburg (1390-23 Sep 1467).  Nun at Ribnitz 1397, Abbess 1427, resigned.

 

c)      AGNES von Mecklenburg (-before 1467).  m OTTO II Duke of Pomerania in Stettin, son of SWANTIBOR I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his wife Anna von Nürnberg [Hohenzollern] ([1380]-27 Mar 1428).

 

3.      RUDOLF von Mecklenburg (-[28 Jul/27 Dec] 1415, bur Doberan).  Bishop of Skara 1386/1390.  Bishop of Schwerin 1391, deposed 1397.

 

4.      ULRICH von Mecklenburg (-8 Apr 1417, bur [Wanzka]).  He succeeded in 1391 as ULRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard.  (Below)

 

5.      ALBRECHT [I] von Mecklenburg (-Dorpat [20 Feb/15 Jul] 1397, bur Dorpat).  Canon at Schwerin Cathedral 1393.  Coadjutor at Dorpat 1396. 

 

6.      KONSTANZE von Mecklenburg (1373-20 Sep 1408).  Nun at Ribnitz.  She died of plague[237]

 

ULRICH I 1392-1417, HEINRICH 1417-1466, ULRICH II 1466-1471

ULRICH von Mecklenburg, son of JOHANN II Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard & his third wife Agnes von Lindau-Ruppin (-8 Apr 1417, bur [Wanzka]).  He succeeded in 1391 as ULRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargard.  From [1408] in Neubrandenburg, Stargard, Strelitz und Wesenberg. 

m firstly ANNA, daughter of ---.  1397. 

m secondly MARGARETA von Pommern, daughter of SWANTIBOR I Duke of Pomerania in Stettin & his wife Anna von Nürnberg [Hohenzollern] (-[1450]).

Herzog Ulrich I & his [first] wife had one child:

1.      ANNA von Mecklenburg (-after 13 Jul 1424).  Abbess of Wanzka 1417.

Herzog Ulrich I & his second wife had two children:

2.      ALBRECHT [II] von Mecklenburg (-[11 Feb 1421/4 Oct 1423]).

 

3.      HEINRICH von Mecklenburg (-[26 May/20 Aug] 1466, bur Wanzka).  He succeeded in 1417 as HEINRICH Herzog von Mecklenburg in Neubrandenburg.  Co-heir of Wenden 1436.  From 1439 in Strelitz, Friedland, Fürstenberg und Lychen.  m firstly JUTTA von Werle, daughter of JOHANN [VI] Fürst von Werle zu Waren [Mecklenburg] & his wife Agnes von Werle-Parchim [Mecklenburg] (-before 1427).  m secondly (before 1428) INGEBORG von Pommern, daughter of BOGISLAW VIII Duke of Pomerania in Hinterpommern & his wife Sophie von Holstein (-before 16 Jun 1450).  m thirdly (contract Dömitz 4 Sep 1452) MARGARETE von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH "der Fromme" Herzog von Braunschweig in Lüneburg & his wife Magdalena von Brandenburg (-Wienhausen 8 Apr 1512, bur Wienhausen).  Heinrich & his second wife had two children:

 

a)      ULRICH [II] von Mecklenburg ([1428]-13 Jul 1471, bur Wanzka).  He succeeded as ULRICH II Herzog von Mecklenburg-Stargardm ([28 Feb/15 Sep] 1454) KATHARINA von Werle, daughter of WILHELM Fürst von Wenden Herr von Werle zu Güstrow [Mecklenburg] & his wife Anna von Anhalt (-[21 Jul 1475/13 Jan 1480]).  Herzog Ulrich [II] & his wife had two children

 

i)       INGEBORG von Mecklenburg (-8 Apr 1509, bur Marienwolde).  m (contract [7 Jun/14 Sep] 1489, 10 May 1490) EVERWIN [II] Graf von Bentheim (-13 Dec 1530).

 

ii)       ELISABETH von Mecklenburg (-1532 before 9 Dec).  Prioress of Rehna.

 

b)      MARGARETA von Mecklenburg (-[Nov 1451/1452]).  m ([12/30] Nov 1451) as his first wife, ERICH II Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast, son of WARTISLAW IX Duke of Pomerania & his wife Sophie von Sachsen-Lauenburg ([1418/25]-Wolgast 5 Jul 1474).

 

Heinrich & his third wife had two children:

 

c)      MAGDALENE von Mecklenburg (-2 Apr 1532, bur Barby St Johannis).  m firstly (Schwerin 28 Nov 1475) as his second wife, WARTISLAW X Duke of Pomerania in Rügen, son of WARTISLAW IX Duke of Pomerania & his wife Sophie von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-17 Dec 1478).  m secondly (contract 14 Jul 1482) BURKARD Graf zu Mühlingen und Herr zu Barby (-3 Nov 1505, bur Barby St Johannis).

 

d)      ANNA von Mecklenburg (-7 Jan 1498).  Nun at Ribnitz 1475.

 

******************************
Resources
[1] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 2, MGH SS XXI, p. 13. 
[2] Einhardi Annales 822, MGH SS I, p. 209. 
[3] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 6, MGH SS XXI, p. 16. 
[4] Fuhrmann, H., trans. Reuter, T. (1995) Germany in the high middle ages c.1050-1200 (Cambridge University Press), p. 66. 
[5] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 12, MGH SS XXI, p. 19. 
[6] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 36, MGH SS XXI, p. 39. 
[7] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 87, MGH SS XXI, p. 80. 
[8] Annales Laurissenses Continuatio usque ad a. 829 Auctore Einhardo 789, MGH SS I, p. 174. 
[9] Gesta quorundam regum Francorum 795, MGH SS I, p. 351. 
[10] Annales Laurissenses Continuatio usque ad a. 829 Auctore Einhardo 795, MGH SS I, p. 180. 
[11] Annales Laurissenses Continuatio usque ad a. 829 Auctore Einhardo 798, MGH SS I, p. 184. 
[12] Einhardi Annales 808, MGH SS I, p. 195. 
[13] Einhardi Annales 809, MGH SS I, p. 196. 
[14] Annales Fuldenses 809, MGH SS I, p. 354. 
[15] Einhardi Annales 819, MGH SS I, p. 205. 
[16] Annales Fuldenses 819, MGH SS I, p. 357. 
[17] Einhardi Annales 817, MGH SS I, p. 204. 
[18] Einhardi Annales 821, MGH SS I, p. 208. 
[19] Einhardi Annales 819, MGH SS I, p. 205. 
[20] Annales Fuldenses 817 and 819, MGH SS I, pp. 356 and 357. 
[21] Annales Fuldensium Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 844, MGH SS I, p. 364. 
[22] Gesta quorundam regum Francorum 862, MGH SS I, p. 374. 
[23] Annales Fuldensium Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 862, MGH SS I, p. 374. 
[24] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 13, MGH SS XXI, p. 20. 
[25] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 13, MGH SS XXI, p. 20. 
[26] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 14, MGH SS XXI, p. 21. 
[27] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 22. 
[28] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 13, MGH SS XXI, p. 20. 
[29] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 22. 
[30] Einhardi Annales 806, MGH SS I, p. 193. 
[31] Annales Fuldenses 806, MGH SS I, p. 353. 
[32] Annales Fuldensium Pars Secunda, auctore Euodolfo 858, MGH SS I, p. 372. 
[33] Annales Fuldenses 809, MGH SS I, p. 354. 
[34] Annales Fuldenses 810, MGH SS I, p. 355. 
[35] Einhardi Annales 823, MGH SS I, p. 210. 
[36] Einhardi Annales 823, MGH SS I, p. 210. 
[37] Einhardi Annales 823, MGH SS I, p. 210. 
[38] Laing, S. (trans.) (1907) Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla: A History of the Norse Kings Snorre (Norroena Society, London), King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part I, 38, available at Online Medieval and Classical Library Release 15b, <http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Heimskringla/> (24 Jan 2003). 
[39] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part III, 99 and 100. 
[40] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.34, MGH SS VII, p. 318. 
[41] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.39, MGH SS VII, p. 320. 
[42] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part I, 22. 
[43] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part I, 30. 
[44] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part I, 1, which states that his father died in 963. 
[45] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part I, 22. 
[46] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part I, 38. 
[47] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part I, 22. 
[48] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part I, 38. 
[49] Snorre, King Olav Trygvason's Saga Part III, 98. 
[50] Forester, T. (trans.) (1854) The Chronicles of Florence of Worcester with two continuations (London), 1044, p. 146. 
[51] Garmonsway, G. N. (trans) (1972) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Dent), D 1045. 
[52] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C, 1030. 
[53] Florence of Worcester 1029, p. 136. 
[54] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.40, MGH SS VII, p. 320. 
[55] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 16, MGH SS XXI, p. 23. 
[56] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.64, MGH SS VII, p. 328. 
[57] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.40, MGH SS VII, p. 320. 
[58] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.69, MGH SS VII, p. 331. 
[59] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.69, MGH SS VII, p. 331. 
[60] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.69, MGH SS VII, p. 331. 
[61] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.75, MGH SS VII, p. 333. 
[62] Christiansen, E. (1980) Saxo Grammaticus, Danorum Regum Heroumque Historia, Books X-XVI (B. A. R. International Series 84), 10, XVII, p. 36. 
[63] Saxo (Christiansen), 10, XVII, p. 35. 
[64] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum II.64, MGH SS VII, p. 328. 
[65] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum III.17, MGH SS VII, p. 342. 
[66] Jordan, K., trans. Falla, P. S. (1986) Henry the Lion: a Biography (Clarendon Press, Oxford), p. 16. 
[67] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum III.45, MGH SS VII, p. 353. 
[68] Saxo (Christiansen), p. 295 footnote 10. 
[69] Jordan, p. 16. 
[70] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum III.50, MGH SS VII, p. 355. 
[71] Jordan, p. 16. 
[72] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 16, MGH SS XXI, p. 23. 
[73] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 26, MGH SS XXI, p. 31. 
[74] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesiæ Pontificum III.50, MGH SS VII, p. 355. 
[75] Helmold Cronica Slavorum, ch. 42, cited in Saxo (Christiansen), p. 295 footnote 10. 
[76] Saxo (Christiansen), 13, II, pp. 110-14, and III, p. 116. 
[77] Jordan, p. 17. 
[78] Jordan, pp. 16-17. 
[79] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, Band I 786-1250 (Schwerin, 1863), 29. 
[80] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 34, MGH SS XXI, p. 37. 
[81] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 37, MGH SS XXI, p. 40. 
[82] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 38, MGH SS XXI, p. 40. 
[83] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 46, MGH SS XXI, p. 47. 
[84] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 48, MGH SS XXI, p. 49. 
[85] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 48 and 49, MGH SS XXI, p. 49. 
[86] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 46, MGH SS XXI, p. 47. 
[87] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 48, MGH SS XXI, p. 49. 
[88] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 49, MGH SS XXI, p. 50. 
[89] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 52, MGH SS XXI, p. 52. 
[90] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 55, MGH SS XXI, p. 54. 
[91] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 83, MGH SS XXI, p. 76. 
[92] Henry of Antwerp Tractatus de captione urbis Brandenburg (MGH SS xxv), cited in Saxo (Christiansen), p. 300 footnote 30. 
[93] Annales Palidenses 13 1150, MGH SS XVI, p. 85. 
[94] Cronicæ Principum Saxoniæ, MGH SS XXV, p. 480. 
[95] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 477. 
[96] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 25, MGH SS XXI, p. 29. 
[97] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 26, MGH SS XXI, p. 31. 
[98] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 34, MGH SS XXI, p. 37. 
[99] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 34, MGH SS XXI, p. 37. 
[100] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 55, MGH SS XXI, p. 54. 
[101] ES I.3 302. 
[102] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 49, MGH SS XXI, p. 50. 
[103] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 52, MGH SS XXI, p. 52. 
[104] Christiansen, E. (1997) The Northern Crusades, 2nd Ed, Penguin Books, p. 54. 
[105] Jordan, p. 32. 
[106] Jordan, p. 33. 
[107] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 87, MGH SS XXI, p. 80. 
[108] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 87 and 90, MGH SS XXI, pp. 80 and 84. 
[109] Jordan, p. 74. 
[110] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 92, MGH SS XXI, p. 90. 
[111] Christiansen, p. 61. 
[112] Jordan, p. 80. 
[113] Jordan, p. 81. 
[114] Jordan, p. 81. 
[115] Christiansen, p. 70, and ES I.3 302. 
[116] Jordan, p. 85. 
[117] Jordan, p. 82. 
[118] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 126. 
[119] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 105. 
[120] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum III, 4, MGH SS XXI, p. 146. 
[121] Jordan, p. 186. 
[122] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 152. 
[123] Annales Stadenses 1164, MGH SS XVI, p. 345. 
[124] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum III, 4, MGH SS XXI, p. 146. 
[125] Jordan, pp. 81-2. 
[126] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 282. 
[127] Annales Stadenses 1164, MGH SS XVI, p. 345. 
[128] Annales Stadenses 1164, MGH SS XVI, p. 345. 
[129] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VI, p. 449. 
[130] ES I.3 302. 
[131] ES I.3 302. 
[132] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 87 and 90, MGH SS XXI, pp. 80 and 84. 
[133] Jordan, p. 80. 
[134] Jordan, p. 81. 
[135] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum II, 2 and 4, MGH SS XXI, pp. 88 and 90. 
[136] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum III, 4, MGH SS XXI, p. 146. 
[137] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum III, 4, MGH SS XXI, p. 146. 
[138] Jordan, p. 177. 
[139] Jordan, p. 186. 
[140] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 147. 
[141] Snorre, Saga of Sigurd the Crusader and his brothers Eystein and Olaf, 21. 
[142] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 137. 
[143] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 92, MGH SS XXI, p. 90. 
[144] Annales Stadenses 1164, MGH SS XVI, p. 345. 
[145] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VI, p. 449. 
[146] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 323. 
[147] Annales Stadenses 1226, MGH SS XVI, p. 359. 
[148] Annales Stadenses 1226, MGH SS XVI, p. 359. 
[149] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 2, I, p. 362. 
[150] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, II, p. 446. 
[151] Annales Lubicenses 1298, MGH SS XVI, p. 417. 
[152] Annales Polonorum I 1283, MGH SS XIX, p. 648, this being recorded at the end of the passage dealing with events of 1283. 
[153] Annales Lubicenses 1298, MGH SS XVI, p. 417. 
[154] Cronica Principum Saxonie 6, MGH SS XXV, p. 474. 
[155] Annales Stadenses 1226, MGH SS XVI, p. 359. 
[156] Annales Stadenses 1226, MGH SS XVI, p. 359. 
[157] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 2, I, p. 362. 
[158] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, II, p. 446. 
[159] Annales Lubicenses 1300, MGH SS XVI, p. 417. 
[160] Annales Lubicenses 1300 and 1302, MGH SS XVI, pp. 417 and 418. 
[161] Annales Lubicenses 1300, MGH SS XVI, p. 417. 
[162] Annales Stadenses 1226, MGH SS XVI, p. 359. 
[163] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 2, I, p. 362. 
[164] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, II, p. 446. 
[165] Annales Lubicenses 1298, MGH SS XVI, p. 417. 
[166] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchstücke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's Böhmischer Chronik, p. 16. 
[167] Jordan, p. 82. 
[168] Jordan, p. 85. 
[169] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 87, MGH SS XXI, p. 81. 
[170] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 115. 
[171] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum II, 13, MGH SS XXI, p. 134. 
[172] Annales Stadenses 1228, MGH SS XVI, p. 360. 
[173] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 340. 
[174] Jordan, p. 189. 
[175] Regesta Diplomatica Danica 646, p. 89. 
[176] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 266. 
[177] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 266. 
[178] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 275. 
[179] Cuba, Societatis Regiæ Scientiarum Danicæ (1847) Regesta Diplomatica Historiæ Danicæ, Tome I (Copenhagen), 646, p. 89. 
[180] Annales Stadenses 1228, MGH SS XVI, p. 360. 
[181] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 242. 
[182] ES II 121. 
[183] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 340. 
[184] ES VIII 120. 
[185] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 340. 
[186] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 348. 
[187] Annales Stadenses 1247, MGH SS XVI, p. 371. 
[188] Annales Lubicenses 1306, MGH SS XVI, p. 420. 
[189] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch 340. 
[190] ES VIII 121. 
[191] Annales Stadenses 1226, MGH SS XVI, p. 359. 
[192] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 2, I, p. 362. 
[193] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, II, p. 446. 
[194] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VII, p. 448. 
[195] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VI, p. 449. 
[196] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[197] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, II, p. 446. 
[198] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[199] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, V, p. 447. 
[200] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VI, p. 448. 
[201] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritte Abteilung - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXIV Kloster Arendsee, XL, p. 23. 
[202] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[203] Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium 13, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 27. 
[204] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, V, p. 447. 
[205] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VI, p. 448. 
[206] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. 
[207] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VIII, p. 450. 
[208] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VIII, p. 450. 
[209] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritte Abteilung - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXIV Kloster Arendsee, XL, p. 23. 
[210] ES I.3 305. 
[211] The date of her will, ES I.3 305. 
[212] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritte Abteilung - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXIV Kloster Arendsee, XL, p. 23. 
[213] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VIII, p. 450. 
[214] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VIII, p. 450. 
[215] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VIII, p. 450. 
[216] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VIII, p. 450. 
[217] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritte Abteilung - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXIV Kloster Arendsee, XL, p. 23. 
[218] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 479. 
[219] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 1, VI, p. 448. 
[220] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritte Abteilung - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXIV Kloster Arendsee, XL, p. 23. 
[221] ES I.3 305. 
[222] ES I.3 301. This date is probably incorrect as the first wife of Balthasar von Werle was still alive at the time. 
[223] Chronicon Holtzatiæ 29, MGH SS XXI, p. 286. 
[224] ES I.3 305. 
[225] ES I.3 302. 
[226] ES I.3 303. 
[227] Chronicon Holtzatiæ 22, MGH SS XXI, p. 275. 
[228] ES I.3 303. 
[229] Brenner, S. O. Nachkommen Gorms des Alten I-XVI Generation (Dansk Historisk Haandbogsforlag, reprint 1978), p. 94. 
[230] ES I.3 303. 
[231] ES I.3 303. 
[232] ES I.3 303. 
[233] Chronicon Holtzatiæ 23, MGH SS XXI, p. 277. 
[234] ES I.3 303. 
[235] ES I.3 303. 
[236] ES I.3 303. 
[237] ES I.3 304.